Acute hydrocephalus triggered by isolated traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the posterior fossa following mandibular fracture in a toddler: a rare case report.

Introduction: Facial bone fractures triggered by low-height falls are rare in toddlers, while severe intracranial injuries resulting from minor trauma are extremely rare.

Case: Herein, we report the case of a 2-year-old girl who fell from a baby chair, striking her chin, who rapidly developed impaired consciousness 3 h later. The patient subsequently presented with a mandibular fracture and acute obstructive hydrocephalus due to a traumatic isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage in the posterior cranial fossa. She was successfully treated with ventricular drainage, which achieved a favorable outcome.

Conclusion: Maxillofacial trauma and head injuries are closely associated. Even in minor cases of maxillofacial trauma, vigilant monitoring and prompt intervention are crucial to prevent fatal outcomes in toddlers.