Hemosuccus pancreaticus - Multidisciplinary therapy for a splenic artery aneurysm, ruptured into the pancreatic duct.

Background: Numerous conditions may lead to gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Compared with common causes, hemosuccus pancreaticus (HP) is a scarce and potentially life-threatening condition.

Case presentation: We report the case of a 45-year-old female patient who suffered from hematemesis and subsequent hemorrhagic shock. In repeat esophagogastroduodenoscopies, bleeding from the major duodenal papilla was detected. To stop the acute bleeding, an ERCP was performed, and a plastic stent was inserted into the pancreatic duct (PD). Subsequently, MR and CT scans demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery (SA) with a fistula to the PD. An interventional therapy approach failed due to a highly twisted course of the SA. Thus, the patient underwent surgery with ligation of the SA. The stent from the PD was removed postoperatively, and the patient recovered well. A histological examination of the SA revealed fibromuscular dysplasia. A lifelong ASA therapy was prescribed, and the patient was discharged on the 14th postoperative day in good condition.

Conclusion: The diagnosis and treatment of HP might be impeded due to its multiple causes, ambiguous symptoms, and challenging diagnostic verification. Being a potentially life-threatening condition, the knowledge of this rare entity and the provision of multidisciplinary and multimodal therapy are mandatory for the successful treatment of patients with obscure GIB and proven HP.