用户培训在减少柴灶排放方面的潜力

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Atmospheric Environment: X Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100287
R. Sturmlechner , C. Schmidl , F. Klauser , B. Kirchsteiger , A. Kasper-Giebl
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引用次数: 0

摘要

焚烧木材的炉灶产生的废气造成了当地的空气污染。然而,很难确定此类炉灶的实际排放量,特别是由于未知的用户行为会对排放量产生很大影响。在这项研究中,对低成本减排措施 "用户培训 "进行了评估,以确定其对柴火炉灶的减排潜力。共进行了两组测试。首先,在施蒂里亚州(奥地利)对四台柴炉进行了实地测量,在对用户进行优化加热行为(如点火模式、燃料特性和燃烧室位置、空气供应)培训前后,对气体和颗粒物排放进行了测量。气体排放(一氧化碳 - CO、有机气体化合物 - OGC)是连续测量的,而颗粒物则是分批测量的,在未稀释的热烟气中,以及在稀释和冷却的烟气中,同时使用特定的现场测量装置进行测量。此外,还对颗粒过滤器进行了分析,以量化致癌化合物苯并(a)芘(BaP)的浓度。其次,举办了用户培训讲习班。为了增加测试次数,这些测试采用了简单的测量设置。结果表明,与实验室测试和官方型式测试结果相比,实际生活中的现场排放量很高,而且变异性很大。然而,用户培训显示,CO、OGC、TSP 和 BaP 排放量分别显著减少了 42%、57%、45% 和 76%(中位数)。此外,经过用户培训后,TSPsum(热和冷颗粒排放样本的总和)排放量减少了 39%(中位数)。所有批次的相对减排率显示,BaP 的减排潜力最大,减排率高达 97%。车间测试的结果证实了用户行为的高度可变性和减排潜力的范围,CO 减排量的中位数为 41%。然而,这些措施成本高昂,对技术复杂程度要求很高。而用户培训则相对便宜,易于实施,适合所有用户。当然,经过培训的最终用户可能会重拾旧习,导致排放量再次增加。因此,可能需要定期培训,以保持较高的性能水平。由于我们在工作中没有对这方面进行评估,因此需要进一步的研究来证明这一理论。
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Potential of user training for reducing emissions of firewood stoves

Emissions from wood-burning stoves contribute to local air pollution. However, it is difficult to determine the real emissions from such stoves, especially due to unknown user behaviour, which can have a large impact on emissions. In this study, the low-cost emission reduction measure “user training” was evaluated to determine its emission reduction potential on firewood stoves. Two sets of tests were carried out. First, a field measurement campaign was conducted in Styria (Austria) with four wood stoves, where gaseous and particulate emissions were measured before and after a user training on optimised heating behaviour (e.g. ignition mode, fuel properties and placement in the combustion chamber, air supply). Gaseous emissions (carbon monoxide – CO, organic gaseous compounds – OGC) were measured continuously, while particulates were measured in batches, in undiluted and hot as well as in diluted and cooled flue gas in parallel with a specific field measurement setup. In addition, particle filters were analysed to quantify the concentration of the carcinogenic compound benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Second, user training workshops were conducted. These tests had a simple measurement setup in order to increase the number of tests. Thus, only CO emissions were evaluated.

The results show that real life emissions in the field are high and have a high variability compared to laboratory tests and official type test results. However, user training showed a significant reduction of CO, OGC, TSP and BaP emissions of 42%, 57%, 45% and 76% (median), respectively. In addition, TSPsum (sum of hot and cooled particle emission samples) emissions decreased by 39% (median) after user training. The relative reduction rates of all batches show that the highest emission reduction potential was identified for BaP, with a reduction rate of up to 97%. The results of the workshop tests confirmed the high variability in user behavior and the range for the emission reduction potentials, with a median CO reduction of 41%.

The emission reduction potential of the user training measure is comparable to state-of-the-art technological measures such as electrostatic precipitators and catalysts. However, these measures are costly and require a high level of technical sophistication. User training, on the other hand, is relatively cheap, easy to implement and suitable for all users. Of course, there is some risk that trained end-users will revert to their old habits, leading to higher emissions again. Therefore, regular training may be necessary to maintain the higher level of performance. As we did not assess this aspect in our work, further research would be needed to prove this theory.

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来源期刊
Atmospheric Environment: X
Atmospheric Environment: X Environmental Science-Environmental Science (all)
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
47
审稿时长
12 weeks
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