Patterns, treatment outcome and associated factors of surgically treated thyroid disease at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Thyroid disease is a global health problem and the most common type of endocrine disorder next to diabetic mellitus, accounting for around 30-40% burden of the endocrine disorders.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess patterns, treatment outcome and associated factors of surgically treated thyroid disease at Public Hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods: The study was conducted among surgically treated patients for thyroid disorders using a retrospective cross-sectional study design by reviewing all patients' charts. A data abstraction sheet was used to collect relevant data, and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression was employed to assess the association between dependent and independent variables.

Results: The study was conducted on 200 patients' medical records who had complete information. Out of this, 84.5% were female and 66.5% of patients' age was between 20 and 40 years. Toxic goiter was the most common thyroid disease which accounted for 49.5%. Hemorrhage and Hypocalcemia were the most common complications after surgery. Anterior neck swelling of greater than 15 years [(AOR: 52.892 CI = 95% (6.087-459.5.68) (P-0.000)], Total/ near total thyroidectomy [(AOR: 20.139 CI = 95% (4.059-99.931) P-00.000] were significantly associated with complicated post-operative course, while female sex [(AOR: 0.124 CI = 95% (0.34-0.494) P- 0.003)] was associated with lower risk of developing post-operative complications.

Conclusion: This study showed that 9.5% of operated patients with thyroid disease had complicated post-operative course. Long standing goiter and total/ near total thyroidectomy were significantly associated with complicated post-operative course.