ECONOMY OF FAVORS: Tiered Labor Systems on Mexico's Car Assembly Lines

Inequalities are inherent to capitalism. However, supply-chain production has introduced new dynamics in which workers situated in uneven labor regimes increasingly find themselves working alongside one another. On Mexico's car assembly lines, autoworkers work next to logistics workers. The former belong to a residual workforce shaped by the historical triadic social contract between organized labor, the state, and companies; the latter are among the most precarious workers in the post-NAFTA era. This ethnographic study focuses on how a tiered labor system shapes the sociality between workforces and draws attention to the circulation of favors—asymmetrical exchanges of material and nonmaterial assistance that unintentionally arise from uneven working conditions. By delving into these exchanges, this article illuminates the ways in which gender and age intersect in reconfiguring a tiered labor system. It offers insights into the precariousness of labor flexibility by providing a glimpse into the dynamics on a factory shop floor.