Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic drug products approved by the FDA in 2023: Synthesis and biological activity

This article profiles 13 newly approved nitrogen-containing heterocyclic drugs by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2023. These drugs target a variety of therapeutic areas including proteinuria in patients with IgA nephropathy, migraine in adults, Rett syndrome, PI3Kδ syndrome, vasomotor symptoms, alopecia areata, acute myeloid leukemia, postpartum depression, myelofibrosis, and various cancer and tumor types. The molecular structures of these approved drugs feature common aromatic heterocyclic compounds such as pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, isoxazole, pyridine, and pyrimidine, as well as aliphatic heterocyclic compounds like caprolactam, piperazine, and piperidine. Some compounds also contain multiple heteroatoms like 1,2,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the bioactivity spectrum, medicinal chemistry discovery, and synthetic methods for each compound.