Hip Injuries in the Pediatric Athlete—Pelvic Apophyseal Avulsions

Pelvic apophyseal avulsion fractures have been occurring more commonly in young athletes in the context of increased intensive year-round training and early specialization in youth sports, and this diagnosis must be considered in the pediatric patient presenting with hip pain. An understanding of the relevant anatomy can guide the history and physical exam to arrive at the diagnosis, which is usually confirmed with plain radiographs. Although nonoperative management remains the mainstay of treatment for these patients, surgery may be warranted for ischial tuberosity fractures displaced > 2 cm and for symptomatic nonunions. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of pelvic apophyseal avulsion injuries.