The paradoxical leader, crafting human worker, and robot teammate: A commentary on the future of leader behaviors

Robot utilization is expected to result in significant changes in the way organizations and teams operate. The increasing prevalence of robots in the workplace offers an opportunity to research robot utilization and employee response behaviors to this phenomenon. A timely research question is, “What reactionary behaviors would organizational leaders and employees exhibit as they begin to regard robots as coworkers and teammates?”. The purpose of this commentary is to offer theoretical perspectives on leader response behaviors when leading human-robot teams as well as to understand employee reactions to working alongside a robot teammate. Drawing on paradox and Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theories and through postulation statements, we show the (contradictory) duality of leader and employee behaviors under conditions of high/low job demands in a human-robot team environment. In doing so, this discussion bears implications for research on team leadership, job crafting, the presence of behavioral robotics, and for the practice of organizational leadership.