Precast concrete pavement applications, design and joint load transfer characteristics

Precast concrete pavement (PCP) technology represents a highly effective method for accelerating construction processes and minimising traffic disruptions. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various PCP systems by introducing their configurations, applications, and advantages. Key design considerations are summarised, with a focus on the design of pavement slabs, base layers, and pavement joints. To further interpret joint performance, the load transfer characteristics of dowel bars are systematically analysed, including load transfer efficiency, mechanisms, and dowel group action. Both elastic and plastic models for analysing the behaviour of dowel bars embedded into concrete are explored in depth. To address critical issues such as stress concentration and steel corrosion in jointed concrete pavements, this paper recommends appropriate retrofitting approaches regarding materials and connection design. The application of finite element analysis (FEA) in modelling jointed concrete pavements is also investigated, with five typical modelling techniques introduced. Significant observations on pavement joint design are summarised in the conclusion. In the future, to align with the trend of carbon reduction and expand the application of PCP technology, the use of reusable pavement systems with demountable connections and integrated sensors is recommended. Such innovations will support the sustainable development of civil infrastructure.