功能共价有机框架:从设计原理到潜在应用

IF 14 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of materials research Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1021/accountsmr.4c00195
Yusran Yusran, Bo Miao, Shilun Qiu, Qianrong Fang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

共价有机框架(COFs)是一类新兴的结晶多孔聚合物,通过将预先设计的有机结构单元连接成目标重复网络而合成。COF 的独特之处在于其模块化合成,可以精确控制骨架和孔壁的化学成分和功能化。从拓扑结构上看,COFs 不是由其化学性质定义的,而是由构建单元的对称性和尺寸定义的,从而形成具有不同表面积、孔结构和功能分子排列的二维和三维结构。将预先设计好的有机单元组合成几何结构,可形成可精确控制和修改的框架。这种控制对于需要具有特定孔隙大小、表面积和官能团分布的材料的应用至关重要。特别是在气体储存和分离、能量储存和转换、催化、传感、环境修复等领域,COFs 显示出巨大的潜力。因此,采用有效的设计方法将各种功能特性融入结构中,对于控制 COFs 的功能特性和潜在应用至关重要。
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Functional Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design Principles to Potential Applications
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers synthesized by linking predesigned organic building units into targeted repetitive networks. The unique features of COFs stem from their modular synthesis, allowing for precise control over the chemical composition and functionalization on both the skeleton and the pore walls. Topologically, COFs are defined not by their chemical nature but by the symmetry and dimensions of the building units, resulting in 2D and 3D structures with distinct surface areas, pore architectures, and arrangements of functional moieties. The combination of predesigned organic units into geometries results in frameworks that can be precisely controlled and modified. This control is vital for applications requiring materials with specific pore sizes, surface areas, and functional group distributions. Particularly, COFs show great potential in the field of gas storage and separation, energy storage and conversion, catalysis, sensing, environmental remediation, and many more. Hence, an effective designed approach to incorporate various functional properties into the structures is pivotal to manipulate the functional properties and potential applications of COFs.
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