{"title":"流经凹凸山脉的线性山波","authors":"Kazuo Saito","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-042","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"</p><p> The interaction of airflow with mountain ranges in a stable atmosphere generates internal gravity waves, leading to wind deceleration on the windward side and acceleration on the lee side. Recent studies have explored airflow over the bended mountain range, characterized by convexity on the windward side and concavity on the lee side. In this study, we have computed linear analytic solutions for three-dimensional mountain waves over such terrains, and examined the surface winds (<i>u</i> and <i>v</i>), and horizontal divergence. </p><p> Our analysis reveals that when the terrain features convexity on the windward side and concavity on the lee side, surface wind speed amplifies within the area of concave region through the low-level convergence. In the bell-cosine mountain range, the maximum downslope wind exceeds that predicted by the analytic linear solution for the two-dimensional bell-shaped mountain range (<i>U</i> + <i>NH</i>/2). However, it does not surpass the maximum wind observed for the 2-dimensional bell-cosine mountain range. The presence of the convex bend in the mountain range yields flow splitting in the upwind side and does not promote downslope wind and wave breaking. </p><p> The presence of concavity in the lee side amplifies the downslope wind by low level convergence in the lee side and convexity in the windward side of a mountain range has the potential to enhance downslope winds when the terrain slope becomes asymmetric. Our findings shed light on the potential enhancement of downslope winds in mountain ranges exhibiting such terrain features.</p>\n<p></p>","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Linear Mountain Waves in Flow Past a Mountain Range with Concavity and Convexity\",\"authors\":\"Kazuo Saito\",\"doi\":\"10.2151/sola.2024-042\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"</p><p> The interaction of airflow with mountain ranges in a stable atmosphere generates internal gravity waves, leading to wind deceleration on the windward side and acceleration on the lee side. Recent studies have explored airflow over the bended mountain range, characterized by convexity on the windward side and concavity on the lee side. In this study, we have computed linear analytic solutions for three-dimensional mountain waves over such terrains, and examined the surface winds (<i>u</i> and <i>v</i>), and horizontal divergence. </p><p> Our analysis reveals that when the terrain features convexity on the windward side and concavity on the lee side, surface wind speed amplifies within the area of concave region through the low-level convergence. In the bell-cosine mountain range, the maximum downslope wind exceeds that predicted by the analytic linear solution for the two-dimensional bell-shaped mountain range (<i>U</i> + <i>NH</i>/2). However, it does not surpass the maximum wind observed for the 2-dimensional bell-cosine mountain range. The presence of the convex bend in the mountain range yields flow splitting in the upwind side and does not promote downslope wind and wave breaking. </p><p> The presence of concavity in the lee side amplifies the downslope wind by low level convergence in the lee side and convexity in the windward side of a mountain range has the potential to enhance downslope winds when the terrain slope becomes asymmetric. Our findings shed light on the potential enhancement of downslope winds in mountain ranges exhibiting such terrain features.</p>\\n<p></p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49501,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Sola\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Sola\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-042\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sola","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-042","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Linear Mountain Waves in Flow Past a Mountain Range with Concavity and Convexity
The interaction of airflow with mountain ranges in a stable atmosphere generates internal gravity waves, leading to wind deceleration on the windward side and acceleration on the lee side. Recent studies have explored airflow over the bended mountain range, characterized by convexity on the windward side and concavity on the lee side. In this study, we have computed linear analytic solutions for three-dimensional mountain waves over such terrains, and examined the surface winds (u and v), and horizontal divergence.
Our analysis reveals that when the terrain features convexity on the windward side and concavity on the lee side, surface wind speed amplifies within the area of concave region through the low-level convergence. In the bell-cosine mountain range, the maximum downslope wind exceeds that predicted by the analytic linear solution for the two-dimensional bell-shaped mountain range (U + NH/2). However, it does not surpass the maximum wind observed for the 2-dimensional bell-cosine mountain range. The presence of the convex bend in the mountain range yields flow splitting in the upwind side and does not promote downslope wind and wave breaking.
The presence of concavity in the lee side amplifies the downslope wind by low level convergence in the lee side and convexity in the windward side of a mountain range has the potential to enhance downslope winds when the terrain slope becomes asymmetric. Our findings shed light on the potential enhancement of downslope winds in mountain ranges exhibiting such terrain features.
期刊介绍：
SOLA (Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere) is a peer-reviewed, Open Access, online-only journal. It publishes scientific discoveries and advances in understanding in meteorology, climatology, the atmospheric sciences and related interdisciplinary areas. SOLA focuses on presenting new and scientifically rigorous observations, experiments, data analyses, numerical modeling, data assimilation, and technical developments as quickly as possible. It achieves this via rapid peer review and publication of research letters, published as Regular Articles.
Published and supported by the Meteorological Society of Japan, the journal follows strong research and publication ethics principles. Most manuscripts receive a first decision within one month and a decision upon resubmission within a further month. Accepted articles are then quickly published on the journal’s website, where they are easily accessible to our broad audience.
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