Review on design, development, and implementation of an unmanned aerial vehicle for various applications

Drones are technically denoted as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned aerial systems (UAS). These are remotely or autonomously piloted aircraft and can fly without an onboard human pilot while being controlled from the ground. The need for UAVs is commonly found in wireless communication beyond human trajectory. Recently, drones have been used for a wide variety of tasks, including military operations, mining, agriculture, and general-purpose applications such as surveillance, exploration, rescue, arms and product delivery, mapping and surveying, entertainment, photography, etc. These UAVs are equipped with a range of Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS), including sensors, cameras, controllers, etc. In this manuscript, a novel taxonomy of flying drones with their explicitly defined applications, encompassing UAVs to smart sensors, has been reviewed. The paper also consists of a quick overview of various designing, controlling, and intelligent controller and navigation approaches of UAVs with possible applications. The goal of this study is to offer a review of the best techniques that the researcher can employ or suggest for various UAV-based applications. The paper highlights several challenges that are associated with the modeling, building, controlling, and navigating of UAVs. The article also attempts to suggest some lesser-explored areas that have the potential for future research work, such as battery refilling management, anti-theft devices, sensors to avoid collision, etc.