Design a novel Ca-Mn perovskite oxygen carrier with balanced performance in chemical looping combustion

The cornerstone of chemical looping combustion (CLC) is oxygen carriers (OCs), and most OCs have one or more ever-present problems with performance, cost, stability, and service life. It is vital to develop OCs with balanced performance. A novel CMTF-Mg OC is proposed in this study via B-site elemental substitution of CaMnO perovskite. Systematic experiments using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), a batch fluidized bed reactor, a fixed bed reactor, and an air jet attrition apparatus are performed to evaluate various aspects of the performance of the OC manufactured by the hydraulic molding method. First, in isothermal TGA redox cycles, CMTF-Mg OC exhibits a high oxygen donation ratio (∼5.0 wt.%) and excellent cyclic stability. Mg substitution eliminates the activation effect and promotes lattice oxygen release. Then, the CH-fueled CLC experiments on a batch fluidized bed demonstrate that Mg B-site substitution promotes oxygen uncoupling (0.2 wt.% gaseous oxygen) and significantly improves its reactivity with CH. Following that, an agglomeration resistance test on a packed bed reveals that CMTF-Mg OC particles expand slightly yet exhibit remarkable agglomeration resistance. Further characterization results from SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis show that the perovskite phase is formed in fresh CMTF-Mg OC via solid-phase synthesis at 1350 °C, and OC has high thermal and chemical stability during the multiple redox cycles. According to the attrition test results, CMTF-Mg OC has an 8333-hour service life. Last, CMTF-Mg OC has a material cost of $0.892/kg and a use cost of 0.00217 ($/kg[O]/h). In summary, this CMTF-Mg OC has excellent and balanced performance in reactivity, stability, agglomeration resistance, attrition resistance, and cost, which is of great value for industrial demonstration of CLC in the later stage.