北方一种有蹄类动物的季节性体细胞储备受繁殖和火灾景观的影响

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:10.3389/fevo.2024.1433485
Daniel P. Thompson, Nicholas L. Fowler, John A. Crouse, Thomas J. McDonough, Oriana H. Badajos, Miles O. Spathelf, Dominique E. Watts, Susanne U. Rodman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

野生动物要应对资源供应的季节性波动,并调整生存和繁殖策略以克服资源限制。许多北方有蹄类动物适应了动态的营养环境,并依靠在短暂的生长季节中积累的体能储备。北方森林中的驼鹿(Alces alces)种群会对野地火灾后迅速变化的营养景观变化做出反应。我们测试了阿拉斯加基奈半岛发生景观规模的野地火灾后,雌性驼鹿的体能储备与一系列与能量需求和营养供应相关的因素之间的关系。从 2015 年到 2022 年,我们固定了 97 只成年驼鹿个体(个数=163 只初冬驼鹿;个数=98 只深冬驼鹿),并收集了超过 223,000 个 GPS 位置。我们评估了母驼鹿的体能储备是否受内源性或外源性能量需求的影响,或是否受获得驼鹿饲料以积累能量储备的影响。与分娩且新生儿存活到4个月大的母驼鹿(10.59% ± 0.34SE)相比,在初夏分娩且失去新生儿的母驼鹿的初冬体脂更高(14.39% ± 0.24SE)。初冬测量的体脂与夏季杨树饲料覆盖率较高的母牛家庭牧场呈正相关。母驼鹿冬末的体脂与杨树牧草覆盖率较高的牧场呈负相关,但与柳树和肩季牧草覆盖率较高的牧场呈正相关。我们的研究结果突显出,驼鹿需要在整个地形范围内有一整套植物物种和花序状态,才能在一年中积累和缓和体能储备的损失。此外,我们的研究结果还强调了在积雪深度较低时,肩季牧草对驼鹿的重要性。通过机构间野地火源管理来管理北方森林的营养景观,可以创造出一种镶嵌式的锯齿状态,从而增强驼鹿的觅食能力,同时减少野地与城市交界处的野地火灾危险,并提供生态系统服务。
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Seasonal somatic reserves of a northern ungulate influenced by reproduction and a fire-mediated landscape
Wildlife contend with seasonal fluctuations in resource availability and have adapted survival and reproductive strategies to overcome resource limitations. Many northern ungulates are adapted to a dynamic nutritional landscape and rely on somatic reserves accumulated during the short growing season. Moose (Alces alces) populations in the boreal forest respond to variation in their nutritional landscapes that quickly change after wildland fires. We tested associations between somatic energy reserves of female moose and a suite of factors relevant to energy demands and nutrient availability after landscape scale wildland fires on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. From 2015–2022, we immobilized 97 individual, adult moose (n=163 early winter; n=98 late winter) and collected over 223,000 GPS locations. We evaluated if somatic energy reserves of cow moose were influenced by endogenous or exogenous energy demands, or access to moose forage to accumulate energy reserves. Cows that gave birth and lost their neonate(s) early in the summer had more early winter body fat (14.39% ± 0.24SE) compared with cows that gave birth and the neonate survived to 4-months-old (10.59% ± 0.34SE). Body fat measured in early winter was positively correlated with home ranges of cows during summer with a higher percent cover of aspen forage. Late winter body fat of cow moose was negatively correlated with home ranges with higher percent cover of aspen forage, but positively correlated with home ranges with higher percent cover of willows and shoulder season forages. Our results highlight that a suite of plant species and seral states is needed across the landscape for moose to accumulate and moderate the loss of somatic energy reserves over the year. Furthermore, our results emphasize the importance of shoulder season forages for moose when snow depth is low. Managing the nutritional landscape of the boreal forest through interagency wildland fire management could create a mosaic of seral states that enhances moose forage, while reducing wildland fire hazards along the wildland urban interface and providing ecosystem services.
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
1143
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research across fundamental and applied sciences, to provide ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it should best be managed. Field Chief Editor Mark A. Elgar at the University of Melbourne is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Eminent biologist and theist Theodosius Dobzhansky’s astute observation that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” has arguably even broader relevance now than when it was first penned in The American Biology Teacher in 1973. One could similarly argue that not much in evolution makes sense without recourse to ecological concepts: understanding diversity — from microbial adaptations to species assemblages — requires insights from both ecological and evolutionary disciplines. Nowadays, technological developments from other fields allow us to address unprecedented ecological and evolutionary questions of astonishing detail, impressive breadth and compelling inference. The specialty sections of Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution will publish, under a single platform, contemporary, rigorous research, reviews, opinions, and commentaries that cover the spectrum of ecological and evolutionary inquiry, both fundamental and applied. Articles are peer-reviewed according to the Frontiers review guidelines, which evaluate manuscripts on objective editorial criteria. Through this unique, Frontiers platform for open-access publishing and research networking, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution aims to provide colleagues and the broader community with ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it might best be managed.
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