Optical manipulation of graphene oxide nanosheets toward arbitrary hetero-stacking of graphene and niobate and titanate nanosheets

The study explores a novel method for constructing hetero-stacked bilayers of graphene and various inorganic oxide nanosheets by utilizing optical manipulation technique. A graphene oxide (GO) is trapped by a laser beam, and the GO nanosheet is converted to reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The rGO pressed against the substrate, forming a hetero-stacked rGO–GO bilayer. Precise control over the relative location of the nanosheets is achieved by optically manipulating the rGO nanosheet. The technique is demonstrated with rGO-niobate and rGO-titanate bilayers, highlighting its simplicity and versatility.