A review on nutrients, phytochemicals, health benefits and applications of the green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh

Over recent years consumer preference has shifted towards natural-based products, prompting the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries to explore new natural sources. Algae, particularly seaweeds like Caulerpa racemosa, have emerged as promising candidates due to their nutritional richness and bioactive compounds. This review comprehensively examines the nutritional profile of C. racemosa, covering its carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, amino acids, minerals, lipids, vitamins, and pigments. The alga is rich in bioactive metabolites, including terpenoids, alkaloids, sterols, and other secondary metabolites, which contribute to its health-promoting properties. The potential health benefits of C. racemosa are extensive, including antihypertensive, anti-hyperlipidaemic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Special emphasis is placed on its antioxidant properties, detailing the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the overall antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of C. racemosa suggests its potential in cosmetic applications. Despite its promising health and industrial uses, the standardization of C. racemosa products remains a challenge due to variability in active compound concentrations. This review underscores the multifaceted benefits of C. racemosa, advocating for its broader utilization in health, nutrition, and cosmetics, highlighting the need for further in-depth studies to fully realize its potential.