Association of Cancer with Heart Failure and the Prognostic Value of NT-proBNP in Cancer Patients: Findings from the NHANES (1999–2018)

Evidence regarding the association between cancer and heart failure (HF) is scarce. This study is to investigate the association between HF and cancer and explore the prognostic value of NT-proBNP in cancer patients. This cohort study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2018 and linked mortality information until 2019. We included all participants with valid answer to questions regarding self-reported cancer and HF. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Our study included data from 54,847 adult participants. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 9.6 (4.0–15.1) years, 7674 deaths were recorded. HF was associated with an increased occurrence of cancer after propensity score matching (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17–1.82, p < 0.001). Cancer was associated with a higher occurrence of HF (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.11–1.59, p = 0.002). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis over 10 years revealed the shortest survival in patients with both HF and cancer (log-rank p < 0.0001). Importantly, NT-proBNP was significantly higher in cancer patients, no matter whether with known HF (p < 0.01). In cancer patients without HF, NT-proBNP higher than 51.51 pg/mL was associated with shorter survival (log-rank p < 0.0001). Findings from this cohort study suggest that HF is significantly associated with cancer. NT-proBNP was higher in cancer patients, with significant prognostic value in cancer patients.