Theory of Composite Ramsey Sequences of Radiofrequency Pulses beyond the Rotating Wave Approximation

We develop a theory of composite Ramsey sequences of rf pulses interacting with the Zeeman structure at the long-lived atomic level, beyond the rotating wave approximation. Such sequences are proposed in experiments to detect the violation of local Lorentz invariance [R. Shaniv, R. Ozeri, M.S. Safronova, S.G. Porsev, V.A. Dzuba, V.V. Flambaum, and H. Häffner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 103202 (2018)]. Based on Fourier analysis, we have shown that taking into account non-resonant contributions leads to a radical change in the dynamics of the quantum system (with respect to the rotating wave approximation) in the case when the number of Ramsey pulses exceeds several tens. As a result, the effectiveness of using such rf pulses sequences to test local Lorentz invariance has not yet been fully determined and requires additional research.