危险而疲惫的斗争":从殖民时代到 20 世纪初的几十年间在北卡罗来纳州和南卡罗来纳州沿海捕猎魔鬼鱼

Lynn B. Harris
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在 20 世纪初的几十年里,卡罗莱纳州的科学家、猎人和企业家都对巨型蝠鲼(Mobula birostris)有着共同的兴趣。东部沿海社区称它们为魔鬼鱼,因为它们头上长着角状的鳍。虽然莫黑德城的海洋皮革公司主要加工鲨鱼皮,但它也尝试用鳐鱼皮和其他海洋动物皮制造各种消费品。该公司还为科学杂志撰写文章,并向美国自然历史博物馆等国家机构提供鳐鱼标本。当地渔民与美国总统特迪-罗斯福等名人一起,在洛考特角用鱼叉捕捉魔鬼鱼,同时惊叹于它们的优雅和力量,它们能冲出水面长达六英尺。博福特种植园主威廉-埃利奥特(William Elliott)讲述了许多关于这种神奇海洋生物的故事,还讲述了被奴役的非洲鱼叉手从船上跳到巨大蝠鲼背上的生动故事。这项研究结合了历史记载和图片、报纸广告以及当地探险家俱乐部的讲座,以案例研究的形式展示了社区对收集、烹饪、狩猎和征服鳐鱼的痴迷,这也是海洋休闲和环境历史的重要组成部分。最后,研究还探讨了国际上自给性、娱乐性和工业化捕鱼的实例及其对蝠鲼的影响。
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‘A dangerous and exhausting struggle’: Hunting the devil fish of coastal North and South Carolina from the colonial era to the early decades of the 1900s
Scientists, hunters and business entrepreneurs in the Carolinas all had mutual interests in giant manta rays ( Mobula birostris) during the early decades of the 1900s. Eastern-seaboard coastal communities called them devil fish, because of the horn-shaped fins on their head. Although the Ocean Leather Company in Morehead City primarily processed shark-skin leather, it also experimented with the skins of rays and other sea animals for the manufacture of a great variety of consumer products. Articles were written for scientific journals and ray specimens were contributed to national institutions like the American Museum of Natural History. Local fishermen, along with celebrities like the US president, Teddy Roosevelt, harpooned devil fish in Cape Lookout while marvelling at their grace and strength, breaching up to six feet above the water's surface. Beaufort planter William Elliott presented many accounts of this fantastic sea creature, with vivid stories of enslaved African harpooners jumping off boats onto the backs of giant manta rays. This research combines historical accounts and images, newspaper advertisements and talks at local explorer clubs to illustrate case studies of the community's obsession with collecting, cooking, hunting and conquering rays as an important component of maritime leisure and environmental history. It concludes by addressing international examples of subsistence, recreational and industrial fishing, and its impacts on manta rays.
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33.30%
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53
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