藜麦种子工业废料的化学成分和生物活性

IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1002/ejlt.202400021
Rhaira Fernanda Ayoub Casalvara, Everton da Silva Santos, Jose Vinicius Mattos, Tatiana Colombo Pimentel, Ricardo Calhelha, Tânia C. S. P. Pires, Daniele B. Rodrigues, Carla Pereira, Rúbia Carvalho Gomes Corrêa, Lucio Cardozo-Filho, José Eduardo Gonçalves
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在探讨萃取方法和溶剂(索氏提取法和超临界流体萃取法)对藜麦皮粗萃取物的化学成分(气相色谱[GC]/质谱和气相色谱/火焰离子化检测)以及抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和抗炎活性的影响。索氏提取采用 100%水(QPSH2O)和 50%乙醇(乙醇:水 50:50 v/v,QPSetOH50)、70%乙醇(QPSetOH70)和 99%乙醇(QPSetOH99)的乙醇溶液作为溶剂。以二氧化碳和正丙烷为溶剂进行 SFE(QPSF)。QPSH2O 萃取物显示出较高浓度的植物甾醇(豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、7,8-环氧木糖-11-醇、3-乙酰氧基)、类胡萝卜素(罗丹明)和油酸,显示出中等硫代巴比妥酸活性物质(TBARS)抗氧化活性。中等浓度的乙醇(QPSetOH50 和 QPSetOH70 提取物)提高了提取率和提取物的抗菌活性(铜绿假单胞菌、肠道沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌)。较高浓度的乙醇(QPSetOH99 提取物)有助于提高抗氧化活性(通过 TBARS 评估),并提高 4-(烯丙氧基)-2-甲基-2-戊醇、壬烷、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山嵛酸和木质酸的回收率。最后,QPSF 提取物的 DPPH、ABTS 和铁还原抗氧化能力显示出较高的抗氧化活性,5-甲氧基-2-戊酮、5-甲氧基-2-甲基-2-戊醇、1-(1、2-丙醇、草酸、十一烷酸、肉豆蔻油酸、三酸、十五烷酸、薏苡仁酸、11-二十烯酸和芥酸的含量更高,对巴西曲霉的抗真菌活性也优于其他提取物。粗萃取物对非肿瘤细胞(Vero)没有细胞毒性,也没有抗肿瘤或抗炎活性。因此,藜麦壳粗萃取物的植物化学成分的拮抗或协同作用可能会带来潜在的食品和医药应用:藜麦种子的特殊营养特性促进了其在超过 123 个国家的种植。然而,藜麦壳通常被视为废物。这项极为重要的研究证明了通过加压流体从藜麦壳中提取生物活性化合物的潜力,并将其转化为促进健康的副产品。这种方法可以最大限度地减少目前制药和食品行业对新型抗生素、抗真菌剂、抗肿瘤剂和消炎物质的短缺。通过将藜麦壳转化为有价值的生物活性提取物,我们为开发有效的天然化合物做出了重大贡献,凸显了我们集体工作的重要意义。
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Chemical profile and bioactivities of industrial wastes from Chenopodium quinoa seed

This study aimed to investigate the effect of extraction methods and solvents (Soxhlet and supercritical fluid extraction, SFE) on the chemical profile (gas chromatography [GC]/mass spectrometry and GC/flame ionization detection) and antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities of quinoa Piabiru (QP) husk crude extracts. Soxhlet was applied using 100% water (QPSH2O), and ethanolic solutions of 50% ethanol (ethanol:water 50:50 v/v, QPSetOH50), 70% ethanol (QPSetOH70), and 99% ethanol (QPSetOH99) as solvents. SFE was applied using CO2 and n-propane as solvents (QPSF). QPSH2O extract showed a higher concentration of phytosterols (stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, 7,8-epoxylanostan-11-ol,3-acetoxy) and carotenoids (rhodopin) and oleic acid, displaying intermediate thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) antioxidant activity. Intermediate concentrations of ethanol (QPSetOH50 and QPSetOH70 extracts) increased the extraction yields and the antibacterial activity of the extracts (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus). Higher concentrations of ethanol (QPSetOH99 extract) contributed to increased antioxidant activity as assessed by TBARS and higher recoveries of 4-(allyloxy)-2-methyl-2-pentanol, nonadecane, and lauric, myristic, palmitic, linoleic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, and lignoceric acids. Finally, the QPSF extract presented higher antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power, higher content of 5-methoxy-2-pentanone, 5-methoxy-2-methyl-2-pentanol, 1-(1,3-dimethylbutoxy)-2-propanol, oxalic, undecanoic, myristoleic, tricosanoic, pentadecanoic, elaidic, 11-eicosenoic, and erucic acids, and better antifungal activity against Aspergillus brasiliensis than the other extracts. Crude extracts were not cytotoxic against non-tumor cells (Vero) and did not show antitumor or anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, antagonistic or synergistic effects of the phytochemical profile of quinoa husk crude extracts may present potential food and pharmaceutical applications.

Practical Applications: The exceptional nutritional properties of quinoa seeds have boosted their cultivation in more than 123 countries. However, quinoa husks are generally considered waste. This study, which is of utmost importance, demonstrates the potential of extracting bioactive compounds from quinoa husks via pressurized fluids, turning them into a health-promoting co-product. This approach could minimize the current shortage of new antibiotics, antifungals, antitumor agents, and anti-inflammatory substances in the pharmaceutical and food sectors. By converting quinoa husks into valuable bioactive extracts, we contribute significantly to developing effective natural compounds, underlining the significance of our collective work.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
101
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology is a peer-reviewed journal publishing original research articles, reviews, and other contributions on lipid related topics in food science and technology, biomedical science including clinical and pre-clinical research, nutrition, animal science, plant and microbial lipids, (bio)chemistry, oleochemistry, biotechnology, processing, physical chemistry, and analytics including lipidomics. A major focus of the journal is the synthesis of health related topics with applied aspects. Following is a selection of subject areas which are of special interest to EJLST: Animal and plant products for healthier foods including strategic feeding and transgenic crops Authentication and analysis of foods for ensuring food quality and safety Bioavailability of PUFA and other nutrients Dietary lipids and minor compounds, their specific roles in food products and in nutrition Food technology and processing for safer and healthier products Functional foods and nutraceuticals Lipidomics Lipid structuring and formulations Oleochemistry, lipid-derived polymers and biomaterials Processes using lipid-modifying enzymes The scope is not restricted to these areas. Submissions on topics at the interface of basic research and applications are strongly encouraged. The journal is the official organ the European Federation for the Science and Technology of Lipids (Euro Fed Lipid).
期刊最新文献
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 11/2024 Editorial Board: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 11/2024 Contents: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 11/2024 One step beyond for CNSL-based plasticizers for PVC: Use of cardol Cover Picture: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 10/2024
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