Nicole Shu En Goh, Christian Morgenstern, Alex Jie Wei Yap, Stanford Chun Yin Wong, Mythily Subramaniam, Edimansyah Bin Abdin, David Chien Boon Lye, Kelvin Bryan Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan Tan
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Multivariable logistic and linear regression were performed on PHQ-4 scores over pandemic phases and by age. <em>Findings</em>\nOverall symptoms of depression and anxiety did not vary significantly across pandemic phases in Singapore. However, compared to Circuit Breaker, younger age groups reported higher PHQ-4 scores as restrictions lifted <em>(ages 18-29: beta (β)=0.59, 95% CI [0.22, 0.97]; ages 30-39: β=0.44, 95% CI [0.08, 0.80])</em>, while older adults reported lower scores <em>(ages 50-59: β=-0.45, 95% CI [-0.80, -0.10]; ages 60 and above: β=-0.38, 95% CI [-0.73, -0.02])</em>. This was associated with more symptoms of anxiety among younger adults, and less symptoms of depression and anxiety among older adults. <em>Interpretation</em>\nIn Singapore, psychological responses to pandemic restrictions may be heterogenous across different age groups and across time. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景在心理健康领域,亚洲几乎没有针对大流行病在不同时期对不同社会人口群体造成的不同影响进行过大规模的研究。本研究评估了新加坡不同年龄段人群在不同大流行阶段的焦虑和抑郁症状。抑郁和焦虑症状采用病人健康问卷-4(PHQ-4)进行测量,得分越高表示症状越多,得分越低表示症状越少。分析了 2020 年 4 月 27 日至 2021 年 9 月 27 日期间新加坡 34,429 名 18 岁及以上人士的横断面数据。对不同流行阶段和不同年龄段的 PHQ-4 分数进行了多变量逻辑回归和线性回归。研究结果在新加坡,不同大流行阶段的抑郁和焦虑症状没有明显差异。然而,与 "断路器 "阶段相比,随着限制的解除,年轻年龄组的 PHQ-4 分数更高(18-29 岁:β (β)=0.59, 95% CI [0.22, 0.97];30-39 岁:β=0.44,95% CI [0.08,0.80]),而老年人的得分较低(50-59 岁:β=-0.45,95% CI [-0.80,-0.10];60 岁及以上:β=-0.38,95% CI [-0.73,-0.02])。这与年轻人焦虑症状较多、老年人抑郁和焦虑症状较少有关。解释在新加坡,不同年龄组和不同时间段对大流行病限制的心理反应可能是不同的。这项研究可为决策者在危机期间分配心理健康资源的决策提供参考。经费资助资助方未参与研究设计、数据收集、数据分析、数据解释或报告撰写。
Inequalities in Mental Health: Age-related Trends Across Pandemic Phases in Singapore
Background
In the sphere of mental health, little population wide-scale research has been done in Asia on the pandemic's differential impacts on different sociodemographic groups over time. Methods
This study evaluates symptoms of anxiety and depression within different age groups in Singapore across different pandemic phases. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), in which higher scores indicate more symptoms and lower scores indicate less. Cross-sectional data from 34,429 individuals aged 18 years and above in Singapore between 27 April 2020 and 27 September 2021 were analyzed. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were performed on PHQ-4 scores over pandemic phases and by age. Findings
Overall symptoms of depression and anxiety did not vary significantly across pandemic phases in Singapore. However, compared to Circuit Breaker, younger age groups reported higher PHQ-4 scores as restrictions lifted (ages 18-29: beta (β)=0.59, 95% CI [0.22, 0.97]; ages 30-39: β=0.44, 95% CI [0.08, 0.80]), while older adults reported lower scores (ages 50-59: β=-0.45, 95% CI [-0.80, -0.10]; ages 60 and above: β=-0.38, 95% CI [-0.73, -0.02]). This was associated with more symptoms of anxiety among younger adults, and less symptoms of depression and anxiety among older adults. Interpretation
In Singapore, psychological responses to pandemic restrictions may be heterogenous across different age groups and across time. The study can inform policymakers' decisions in distributing mental health resources during a crisis. Funding
The funders had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.