国家公园山岩盆地沉积物中的细菌群落结构和多样性模式

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI:10.3390/d16090544
Amaya de Cos-Gandoy, Andrea Serrano-Bellón, María Macías-Daza, Blanca Pérez-Uz, Richard A. J. Williams, Abel Sanchez-Jimenez, Mercedes Martín-Cereceda
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摘要

随着环境的变化,细菌微生物群对全球碳循环和养分循环产生影响。雨水灌溉的岩石盆地是一种短暂的水生系统,可能会受到极端环境的压力,并能容纳包括细菌在内的多种生物群落。然而,人们对这些生境中的细菌群落几乎没有描述。在此,我们利用 16S RNA 的高通量测序技术,详细描述了位于西班牙瓜达拉马山脉国家公园的雨水灌溉花岗岩山岩盆地内和盆地间细菌群落的发生、多样性和分布模式。我们发现了一个高度多样化的群落,由属于 32 个门的 3174 个操作分类单元(OTU)组成。其中,50%的OTU在盆地间共享,6-10%的OTU为盆地专属OTU,这表明一个强大的全球性细菌元群落定殖于盆地中。存在 6% 的复制专属 OTU,而且至少需要 4 个复制才能对 90% 的盆地细菌群落进行编目,这强调了这些生境的异质性。细菌群落的排列可能与环境过滤和随机扩散有关。本研究中发现的分类群在新陈代谢方面具有多样性,其中一些具有生物技术潜力。所发现的许多 OTU 在分类学上的归属表明,雨水灌溉的岩石盆地可能是开采新型细菌生物化合物的资源。
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Bacterial Community Structure and Patterns of Diversity in the Sediments of Mountain Rock Basins from a National Park
Bacterial microbiomes influence global carbon and nutrient cycling as the environment changes. Rain-fed rock basins are ephemeral aquatic systems, potentially subject to extreme environmental stress, that can host a wide variety of biological communities, including bacteria. However, bacterial communities are barely described in these habitats. Here we provide a detailed description on the occurrence, diversity and distribution patterns of the bacterial communities within and between rain-fed granite mountain rock basins located in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park, Spain, using high-throughput sequencing of 16S RNA. We recovered a highly diverse community consisting of 3174 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 32 phyla. In total, 50% of OTUs were shared among basins and 6–10% were basin-exclusive OTUs, suggesting a robust global bacterial metacommunity colonizes the basins. The existence of 6% replicate-exclusive OTUs and the fact that at least four replicates were required to catalogue 90% of the basin bacterial community emphasized the heterogeneity of these habitats. Both environmental filtering and random dispersal are likely to be involved in the arrangement of the bacterial communities. The taxa identified in this study are versatile in metabolism, and some have biotechnological potential. The taxonomic affiliation of many of the OTUs found suggests that rain-fed rock basins could be a resource for mining novel bacterial biocompounds.
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