一个阆中微地貌遗址中朝南和朝北山坡上的蛛形纲集合体组成存在差异

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.3390/d16090540
Meir Finkel, Amit Ben-Asher, Gur Shmula, Igor Armiach Steinpress, Zeana Ganem, Rami Hammouri, Erika Garcia, Tamás Szűts, Efrat Gavish-Regev
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摘要

生态和气候对比强烈的地方微型地理站点是测量生物多样性模式以及推断气候和生态变量对物种分布和栖息地利用可能产生的影响的重要平台。在此,我们报告了在以色列上加利利西部下纳哈勒-凯兹夫("进化峡谷 "II,以下简称 "EC II")进行的为期 24 个月(2019 年 9 月至 2021 年 8 月)的连续坑式诱捕采集结果。该地点的年平均降雨量为 784 毫米,有两个斜坡,在太阳辐射和植物形成方面存在明显差异。第一个是朝南的斜坡(SFS),其特点是半干旱的贫瘠和开阔的草地。第二个是朝北的斜坡(NFS),其特点是较为潮湿的东地中海森林。两个斜坡之间有一个狭窄的谷底(VB)。对从山坡和山谷沿线的 70 个坑式陷阱中采集的约 1750 个蛛形纲动物标本进行的分析表明,NFS 和 SFS 的蛛形纲动物群落明显不同,这可能是由于太阳辐射的差异影响了植物覆盖率,进而影响了蛛形纲动物群落的组成。除了收集到的 98 个蛛形纲分类群,并对其进行了物种和形态种级鉴定外,本研究还发现了两个科学新物种,这两个新物种将作为本出版物的一部分进行描述(100 个蛛形纲物种和另外 11 个未进行物种鉴定的分类群,共计 111 个分类群)。此外,我们的研究还为蛛形纲动物的时空分布提供了新的生态数据,从而证明了在一个研究不足的地区进行全年采样的重要性。总之,我们的研究有助于更好地了解蛛形纲动物的多样性及其分布情况,并为今后旨在测试气候变化和其他环境因素对自然栖息地蛛形纲动物群落的影响的研究提供参考。
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Arachnid Assemblage Composition Diverge between South- and North-Facing Slopes in a Levantine Microgeographic Site
Local microgeographic sites subdivided by sharp ecological and climatic contrasts are important platforms for measuring biodiversity patterns and inferring the possible effect of climatic and ecological variables on species distributions and habitat use. Here, we report results from 24 months (September 2019–August 2021) of continuous pitfall trapping collection in Lower Nahal Keziv, Western Upper Galilee, Israel (“Evolution Canyon” II (hereafter—EC II)). This site receives an average annual rainfall of 784 mm and contains two slopes that differ markedly by solar radiation and plant formation. The first is the south-facing slope (SFS), which is characterized as a semiarid garrigue and open grassland. The second is the contrasting north-facing slope (NFS), which is characterized by a more humid East Mediterranean forest. The slopes are separated by a narrow valley bottom (VB). Analysis of ca. 1750 arachnid specimens, collected from 70 pitfall traps along the slopes and valley, indicates significantly different arachnid assemblages between the NFS and SFS, likely due to the differences in solar radiation that affect plant-cover percentage, which in turn affects the arachnid assemblage composition. In addition to 98 arachnid taxa collected and identified to species and morphospecies level, this study resulted in the discovery of two species new to science, which are described as part of this publication (100 arachnid species and 11 additional taxa that were not identified to species, a total of 111 taxa). Our study, moreover, contributes new ecological data on the spatial and temporal distribution of arachnids, and therefore attests to the importance of year-round sampling in an understudied region. Overall, our study enables a better understanding of arachnid diversity and their distributions and serves as a reference for future research aimed at testing the effect of climate change and other environmental factors that influence arachnid assemblages in natural habitats.
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