A wide angle beam scanning CRLH leaky-wave antenna with non-identical elements per unit-cells

In this research article, a wide-angle scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial (MTM) operating over the C-band spectrum for mobile applications is proposed, investigated, and realized. The proposed LWA includes nine CRLH-MTM-based unit-cells. The properties of CRLH-MTM have been applied using series slots and shunt metallic via-holes. Each unit cell consists of three patches, two external patches, and one smaller middle patch implemented between them. One slot has been etched on each external patch; the width of these two slots is unequal. Moreover, the distance of the middle patch with each side patch is different. The results show that using this method of realizing non-identical elements caused the achievement of proper return-loss at the transition frequency and provided the balanced CRLH metamaterial condition. Additionally, using CRLH-MTM properties by realizing series capacitance (slot) and shunt inductance (via-holes) made the wide-angle scant from backward to forward radiation pattern. The results demonstrate that the LW antenna with small dimensions of 251.5 × 30 × 1.575 mm3 operates over a frequency range of 4.8–6.13 GHz covering a wide beam scanning range from to with broadside radiation at the center frequency of 5.46 GHz. The radiation gain of the proposed antenna varies from 6.2–13.1 dB. The achievements confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods to realize a high-performance LW-antenna with the advantages of simple design, low profile, low cost, and easy of manufacture for mobile applications.