A Small-Scale Landslide in 2023, Leshan, China: Basic Characteristics, Kinematic Process and Cause Analysis

Sudden mountain landslides can pose substantial threats to human lives and property. On 4 June 2023, a landslide occurred in Jinkouhe District, Leshan City, Sichuan Province, resulting in 19 deaths and 5 injuries. This study, drawing on field investigations, geological data, and historical imagery, elucidates the characteristics and causes of the landslide and conducts a reverse analysis of the landslide movement process using Massflow V2.8 numerical simulation software. The results indicate that rainfall and human engineering activities are key factors that triggered this landslide. Numerical simulation shows that the landslide stopped after 60 s of sliding, with a movement distance of approximately 286 m, a maximum sliding speed of 17 m/s, and a maximum accumulation thickness of 7 m, eventually forming a loose landslide debris accumulation of approximately 5.25 × 103 m3. The findings of this study provide significant reference value for research on landslide movement characteristics and disaster prevention and mitigation in mountainous areas.