面向容错应用的无符号近似混合平方根的硬件实现

IF 3.6 2区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE IEEE Transactions on Computers Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.1109/TC.2024.3457731
Lalit Bandil;Bal Chand Nagar
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在本文中,作者提出了一种近似混合平方根器(AHSQR)。它是阵列和基于对数的平方根器(SQR)的结合,在精度和硬件性能之间取得了平衡。基于阵列的 SQR 被用作精确 SQR(ESQR),以获得高精度输出的 MSB,而对数 SQR 则用于估算剩余的输出位数,以提高设计指标。此外,还提出了改进的 AHSQR (MAHSQR),通过使用 ESQR 单元计算 LSB 的平方根,在近似度增加的情况下保持精度。这样,平均相对误差距离最多可减少 31%,归一化平均误差距离最多可减少 26%。对 16 位无符号精确 SQR、最先进 SQR 和建议 SQR 的各种精度指标和硬件特性进行了评估和分析。建议的 SQR 使用 Verilog 设计,并使用 Artix7 FPGA 实现。结果表明,与最先进的方法相比,建议的 SQR 性能提高了约 70%,速度提高了 2.5 倍,功耗仅为 ESQR 的 25%。建议的 SQRs 还可应用于图像处理中的 Sobel 边缘检测器和 K-means 聚类,以及通信系统中的包络检测器。
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Hardware Implementation of Unsigned Approximate Hybrid Square Rooters for Error-Resilient Applications
In this paper, the authors proposed an approximate hybrid square rooter (AHSQR). It is the combination of array and logarithmic-based square rooter (SQR) to create a balance between accuracy and hardware performance. An array-based SQR is utilized as an exact SQR (ESQR) to obtain the MSBs of output for high precision, while a logarithmic SQR is used to estimate the remaining output digits to enhance design metrics. A modified AHSQR (MAHSQR) is also proposed to retain accuracy at increasing degrees of approximation by computing the square root of LSBs using the ESQR unit. This reduces the mean relative error distance by up to 31% and the normalized mean error distance by up to 26%. Various accuracy metrics and hardware characteristics are evaluated and analyzed for 16-bit unsigned exact, state-of-the-art, and proposed SQRs. The proposed SQRs are designed using Verilog and implemented using Artix7 FPGA. The results show that the proposed SQRs performances are improved compared to the state-of-the-art methods by being approximately 70% smaller, 2.5 times faster, and consuming only 25% of the power of the ESQR. Applications of the proposed SQRs as a Sobel edge detector, and K-means clustering for image processing, and an envelope detector for communication systems are also included.
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来源期刊
IEEE Transactions on Computers
IEEE Transactions on Computers 工程技术-工程:电子与电气
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
5.40%
发文量
199
审稿时长
6.0 months
期刊介绍: The IEEE Transactions on Computers is a monthly publication with a wide distribution to researchers, developers, technical managers, and educators in the computer field. It publishes papers on research in areas of current interest to the readers. These areas include, but are not limited to, the following: a) computer organizations and architectures; b) operating systems, software systems, and communication protocols; c) real-time systems and embedded systems; d) digital devices, computer components, and interconnection networks; e) specification, design, prototyping, and testing methods and tools; f) performance, fault tolerance, reliability, security, and testability; g) case studies and experimental and theoretical evaluations; and h) new and important applications and trends.
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