增强型网络(EnhancedNet)--用于密集差异估计的端到端网络及其在航空图像中的应用

IF 2.1 4区 地球科学 Q3 IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY PFG-Journal of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI:10.1007/s41064-024-00307-w
Junhua Kang, Lin Chen, Christian Heipke
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引用次数: 0

摘要

深度学习技术的最新发展提升了密集立体重建的性能。然而,基于深度学习的最新立体匹配方法主要是利用近距离合成图像进行训练的。因此,这些方法目前在航空摄影测量和遥感中的应用还不够直接。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的用于立体匹配的差异估计网络,并研究了其在航空图像方面的泛化能力。首先,我们提出了一种用于立体匹配的端到端深度学习网络,该网络由差距梯度正则化,包括细化模块中的残差成本卷和重建误差卷,以及多重损失。为了研究多重损失的影响,本文进行了综合分析。其次,基于这个用合成近距离数据训练的网络,我们提出了一种新的高分辨率航空图像匹配管道。实验结果表明,与不包含细化网络的结果相比,在误差大于 1 px 的情况下,所提出的网络可将差异精度提高 40%,尤其是在包含细节小物体的区域。此外,在定性和定量实验中,我们还证明了我们在合成立体数据集上预先训练的模型在航空图像上实现了极具竞争力的亚像素几何精度。这些结果证实,利用所提出的新深度学习方法进行密集图像匹配,可以令人满意地缩小合成近距离图像与真实航空图像之间的领域差距。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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EnhancedNet, an End-to-End Network for Dense Disparity Estimation and its Application to Aerial Images

Recent developments in deep learning technology have boosted the performance of dense stereo reconstruction. However, the state-of-the-art deep learning-based stereo matching methods are mainly trained using close-range synthetic images. Consequently, the application of these methods in aerial photogrammetry and remote sensing is currently far from straightforward. In this paper, we propose a new disparity estimation network for stereo matching and investigate its generalization abilities in regard to aerial images. First, we propose an end-to-end deep learning network for stereo matching, regularized by disparity gradients, which includes a residual cost volume and a reconstruction error volume in a refinement module, and multiple losses. In order to investigate the influence of the multiple losses, a comprehensive analysis is presented. Second, based on this network trained with synthetic close-range data, we propose a new pipeline for matching high-resolution aerial imagery. The experimental results show that the proposed network improves the disparity accuracy by up to 40% in terms of errors larger than 1 px compared to results when not including the refinement network, especially in areas containing detailed small objects. In addition, in qualitative and quantitative experiments, we are able to show that our model, pre-trained on a synthetic stereo dataset, achieves very competitive sub-pixel geometric accuracy on aerial images. These results confirm that the domain gap between synthetic close-range and real aerial images can be satisfactorily bridged using the proposed new deep learning method for dense image matching.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
2.40%
发文量
38
期刊介绍: PFG is an international scholarly journal covering the progress and application of photogrammetric methods, remote sensing technology and the interconnected field of geoinformation science. It places special editorial emphasis on the communication of new methodologies in data acquisition and new approaches to optimized processing and interpretation of all types of data which were acquired by photogrammetric methods, remote sensing, image processing and the computer-aided interpretation of such data in general. The journal hence addresses both researchers and students of these disciplines at academic institutions and universities as well as the downstream users in both the private sector and public administration. Founded in 1926 under the former name Bildmessung und Luftbildwesen, PFG is worldwide the oldest journal on photogrammetry. It is the official journal of the German Society for Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation (DGPF).
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