副结核分枝杆菌:自体免疫、神经变性和癌症的 HERV 开启点?

IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Microorganisms Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12091890
Coad Thomas Dow, Ellen S. Pierce, Leonardo A. Sechi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类内源性逆转录病毒(HERVs)是古代逆转录病毒感染的残余,经过数百万年后整合到人类基因组中。通常情况下,HERV 不具有活性,但感染等环境刺激会导致 HERV 的转录重新激活,从而引发病理状况,包括自身免疫、神经退行性疾病和癌症的发生。哪些感染会引发 HERV 激活?副结核分枝杆菌(MAP)是人类疾病的多能驱动因素。除了肉芽肿病、克罗恩病、肉样瘤病和布劳综合征外,MAP 还与自身免疫性疾病有关:一型糖尿病(T1D)、多发性硬化症(MS)、类风湿性关节炎(RA)和自身免疫性甲状腺炎。MAP 还与阿尔茨海默病(AD)和帕金森病(PD)有关。自身免疫性糖尿病、多发性硬化症和 RA 是与 MAP/HERV 关联性最强的疾病。还有其他一些疾病与 HERV 激活有关,其中包括流行病学和/或病理学会促使人们推测 MAP 的因果作用的疾病。这些疾病包括非日光性葡萄膜黑色素瘤、结肠癌、胶质母细胞瘤和肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)。本文进一步指出,MAP 感染可通过解除 HERV 的沉默而导致自身免疫、神经退行性疾病和癌症。我们研究了日益增多的 MAP 相关疾病与 MAP/HERV 与这些不同病症之间的联系,并根据这种联系提出了治疗机会。
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Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: A HERV Turn-On for Autoimmunity, Neurodegeneration, and Cancer?
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections that, over millions of years, became integrated into the human genome. While normally inactive, environmental stimuli such as infections have contributed to the transcriptional reactivation of HERV-promoting pathological conditions, including the development of autoimmunity, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. What infections trigger HERV activation? Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a pluripotent driver of human disease. Aside from granulomatous diseases, Crohn’s disease, sarcoidosis and Blau syndrome, MAP is associated with autoimmune disease: type one diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and autoimmune thyroiditis. MAP is also associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Autoimmune diabetes, MS and RA are the diseases with the strongest MAP/HERV association. There are several other diseases associated with HERV activation, including diseases whose epidemiology and/or pathology would prompt speculation for a causal role of MAP. These include non-solar uveal melanoma, colon cancer, glioblastoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This article further points to MAP infection as a contributor to autoimmunity, neurodegenerative disease and cancer via the un-silencing of HERV. We examine the link between the ever-increasing number of MAP-associated diseases and the MAP/HERV intersection with these diverse medical conditions, and propose treatment opportunities based upon this association.
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来源期刊
Microorganisms
Microorganisms Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
6.70%
发文量
2168
审稿时长
20.03 days
期刊介绍: Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, viruses and prions. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation or experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.
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