评估鳙鱼对淡水食物网的直接和间接影响：荟萃分析

IF 2.8 2区生物学 Q2 ECOLOGY Freshwater Biology Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI:10.1111/fwb.14314

Jillian M. Hochstrasser, Scott F. Collins

引用次数: 0

摘要

上世纪水产养殖业的快速发展导致淡水环境中水生物种的广泛引入。鳙鱼（鲤科：Hypophthalmichthys nobilis）和鲢鱼（鲤科：Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）统称为鲢鱼，是水产养殖业生产的顶级鱼类之一。这些滤食性鱼类的摄食结构使它们能够有效地清除水中的浮游生物和其他颗粒。不幸的是，当它们被引入野外和它们的历史分布区之外时，它们的摄食特性通常会导致浮游植物和浮游动物的开发和抑制，从而减少本地无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的食物资源。我们对已发表的实验进行了荟萃分析，以研究鳙鱼如何直接和间接地影响水生食物网中的生物，从而更好地了解它们在生态系统中的生态作用。具体来说，我们探讨了以下问题：(1) 鳙鱼对不同水生生物的总体影响程度和方向是什么？(2) 鳙鱼对浮游生物和底栖生物有影响吗？ (3) 鳙鱼和鲢鱼的影响相似吗？ (4) 不同实验场（如中观宇宙、池塘）的影响一致吗？我们检测到鳙鱼对多个营养级的直接和间接影响。大型浮游动物通常表现出最强的负面影响，不同种类的鲤鱼之间存在分类群差异。浮游动物受到的抑制向下传导至初级生产者，导致浮游植物增加（即间接影响）。然而，当大型浮游动物减少时，我们没有观察到轮虫的补偿性增长。在放养大头鲤的情况下，浮游本地鱼类的生长速度最慢。我们的研究结果进一步表明，鳙鱼排泄的废物似乎对一些底栖无脊椎动物（如摇蚊科蠓虫）产生了补贴作用（即直接作用）。鲤鱼对浮游动物的影响在介观模式和池塘中基本相似。入侵的鳙鱼通过一系列复杂的直接和间接影响，极大地调整了其周围的食物网，既有积极影响，也有消极影响。这些变化体现在多个营养级和不同的生境中。我们的分析使人们更全面地了解了这些入侵鲤鱼是如何通过开发食物资源和将物质从浮游生物生境转移到底栖生物生境来改变其周围环境的。综合来看，这一系列直接和间接的影响表明了入侵物种是如何在水生生态系统中造成失衡的，而这种失衡往往会损害本地类群的利益。由于在水产养殖中很受欢迎，大头鲤在全球许多国家都是入侵物种。我们的研究结果再次证实了这些浮游生物对本地淡水生物构成的威胁。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Freshwater Biology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

3.70%

发文量

162

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Freshwater Biology publishes papers on all aspects of the ecology of inland waters, including rivers and lakes, ground waters, flood plains and other freshwater wetlands. We include studies of micro-organisms, algae, macrophytes, invertebrates, fish and other vertebrates, as well as those concerning whole systems and related physical and chemical aspects of the environment, provided that they have clear biological relevance. Studies may focus at any level in the ecological hierarchy from physiological ecology and animal behaviour, through population dynamics and evolutionary genetics, to community interactions, biogeography and ecosystem functioning. They may also be at any scale: from microhabitat to landscape, and continental to global. Preference is given to research, whether meta-analytical, experimental, theoretical or descriptive, highlighting causal (ecological) mechanisms from which clearly stated hypotheses are derived. Manuscripts with an experimental or conceptual flavour are particularly welcome, as are those or which integrate laboratory and field work, and studies from less well researched areas of the world. Priority is given to submissions that are likely to interest a wide range of readers. We encourage submission of papers well grounded in ecological theory that deal with issues related to the conservation and management of inland waters. Papers interpreting fundamental research in a way that makes clear its applied, strategic or socio-economic relevance are also welcome. Review articles (FRESHWATER BIOLOGY REVIEWS) and discussion papers (OPINION) are also invited: these enable authors to publish high-quality material outside the constraints of standard research papers.