利他行为中的动机鸡尾酒

IF 12 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Nature computational science Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:10.1038/s43588-024-00685-6
Xiaoyan Wu, Xiangjuan Ren, Chao Liu, Hang Zhang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

社会平等和效率等亲社会动机是利他行为的关键。然而,如果我们只局限于一两个动机,那么预测不同情境和个体的利他行为范围就具有挑战性。在这里,我们展示了利他行为中众多相互依存的动机,以及通过行为实验数据和计算建模将它们区分开来的可能性。在一个实验室实验(N = 157)和一个预先注册的在线复制实验(N = 1,258)中,在 100 种不同的情况下,我们发现第三方惩罚和第三方帮助行为(即未受影响的个体惩罚违法者或帮助受害者)都与七个社会经济动机模型(称为鸡尾酒动机)最为吻合。例如,不平等折扣动机意味着个人在面对代价高昂的干预时,会表现得好像其他人之间的不平等几乎不存在。鸡尾酒动机模型还为第二方(受害者)与第三方之间以及惩罚与帮助之间干预意愿的差异提供了统一的解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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The motive cocktail in altruistic behaviors
Prosocial motives such as social equality and efficiency are key to altruistic behaviors. However, predicting the range of altruistic behaviors in varying contexts and individuals proves challenging if we limit ourselves to one or two motives. Here we demonstrate the numerous, interdependent motives in altruistic behaviors and the possibility to disentangle them through behavioral experimental data and computational modeling. In one laboratory experiment (N = 157) and one preregistered online replication (N = 1,258), across 100 different situations, we found that both third-party punishment and third-party helping behaviors (that is, an unaffected individual punishes the transgressor or helps the victim) aligned best with a model of seven socioeconomic motives, referred to as a motive cocktail. For instance, the inequality discounting motives imply that individuals, when confronted with costly interventions, behave as if the inequality between others barely exists. The motive cocktail model also provides a unified explanation for the differences in intervention willingness between second parties (victims) and third parties, and between punishment and helping. The authors find, through experimental data and computational modeling, that altruistic acts stem from a motive cocktail of up to seven social and economic motives, whose strengths explain distinct behavior patterns across individuals and situations.
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