优化大麻种植:高效的体外开花诱导系统

IF 4.7 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Plant Methods Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:10.1186/s13007-024-01265-5
Orly Lavie, Kobi Buxdorf, Leor Eshed Williams
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)是一种用途广泛的药用植物,因其主要在雌花器官中合成的多种次级代谢产物而具有治疗功效。由于大麻雌雄异株的特性、严格的监管要求、需要光周期控制来触发开花,再加上花粉极易扩散,很容易污染附近的雌花,因此大麻育种具有挑战性。本研究旨在制定大麻体外开花的规程,研究影响体外开花的因素,并生成有活力的体外种子,从而为生产不育大麻素或推进育种技术提供潜在方法。我们的研究表明,大麻的生命周期可以在组织培养中完全完成;小植株很容易在体外产生花序和有活力的种子。我们的研究结果凸显了在过滤容器中添加 2% 蔗糖的 DKW 培养基的优越性能,并强调了在诱导开花期间需要低光照强度以优化生产。过滤容器中的性能改善表明,植物在体外进行光合作用,这突出表明今后有必要研究强制通风的影响,以完善这一系统。所有测试品系在诱导后都很容易长出花序,包括雄花在内的花序发生率为 100%。我们揭示了离体花药的非开裂性状,这一点非常有利,因为它允许在离体条件下进行多次杂交,而不必担心交叉感染。目前的工作开发并优化了大麻体外开花和种子生产的有效方案,有可能为不育大麻素生产提供一个平台,并为育种计划提供一个高效工具。该系统可全年对植物生长条件进行全面、一致的控制,从而有可能可靠地生产出适合药理用途的无菌分子。作为一种育种策略,这种方法克服了大麻育种所面临的复杂挑战,例如需要大型设施,从而能够在小型设施中生产数百个品系。通过对植物生长调节剂、光照强度、光周期和温度等因素进行精确控制,该系统还可作为研究大麻开花问题的重要工具。
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Optimizing cannabis cultivation: an efficient in vitro system for flowering induction
Cannabis sativa L. is a versatile medicinal plant known for its therapeutic properties, derived from its diverse array of secondary metabolites synthesized primarily in female flower organs. Breeding cannabis is challenging due to its dioecious nature, strict regulatory requirements, and the need for photoperiod control to trigger flowering, coupled with highly dispersible pollen that can easily contaminate nearby female flowers. This study aimed to develop a protocol for in vitro flowering in cannabis, investigate factors affecting in vitro flower production, and generate viable in vitro seeds, potentially offering a method for producing sterile cannabinoids or advancing breeding techniques. We show that the life cycle of cannabis can be fully completed in tissue culture; plantlets readily produce inflorescences and viable seeds in vitro. Our findings highlight the superior performance of DKW medium with 2% sucrose in a filtered vessel and emphasize the need for low light intensity during flower induction to optimize production. The improved performance in filtered vessels suggests that plants conduct photosynthesis in vitro, highlighting the need for future investigations into the effects of forced ventilation to refine this system. All tested lines readily developed inflorescences upon induction, with a 100% occurrence rate, including male flowering. We revealed the non-dehiscent trait of in vitro anthers, which is advantageous as it allows for multiple crosses to be conducted in vitro without concerns about cross-contamination. The current work developed and optimized an effective protocol for in vitro flowering and seed production in cannabis, potentially providing a platform for sterile cannabinoid production and an efficient tool for breeding programs. This system allows for the full and consistent control of plant growth conditions year-round, potentially offering the reliable production of sterile molecules suitable for pharmacological use. As a breeding strategy, this method overcomes the complex challenges of breeding cannabis, such as the need for large facilities, by enabling the production of hundreds of lines in a small facility. By offering precise control over factors such as plant growth regulators, light intensity, photoperiod, and temperature, this system also serves as a valuable tool for studying flowering aspects in cannabis.
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来源期刊
Plant Methods
Plant Methods 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
3.90%
发文量
121
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Plant Methods is an open access, peer-reviewed, online journal for the plant research community that encompasses all aspects of technological innovation in the plant sciences. There is no doubt that we have entered an exciting new era in plant biology. The completion of the Arabidopsis genome sequence, and the rapid progress being made in other plant genomics projects are providing unparalleled opportunities for progress in all areas of plant science. Nevertheless, enormous challenges lie ahead if we are to understand the function of every gene in the genome, and how the individual parts work together to make the whole organism. Achieving these goals will require an unprecedented collaborative effort, combining high-throughput, system-wide technologies with more focused approaches that integrate traditional disciplines such as cell biology, biochemistry and molecular genetics. Technological innovation is probably the most important catalyst for progress in any scientific discipline. Plant Methods’ goal is to stimulate the development and adoption of new and improved techniques and research tools and, where appropriate, to promote consistency of methodologies for better integration of data from different laboratories.
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