关于宇宙加速度的解释

Symmetry Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.3390/sym16091141
Enrique Gaztanaga
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在相对论中,牛顿的速度和加速度概念是依赖于观察者的量,随所选参照系的不同而变化。众所周知,在运动参照系中,宇宙膨胀目前正在加速;然而,在静止参照系中,这种膨胀实际上正在减速。在本文中,我们将探讨这一区别的意义。宇宙加速度的传统度量(用 q 表示)来自于运动帧,描述的是三维空间类均质球的尺度因子 a 的加速度。我们引入了一个新参数 qE,代表光锥内观测者之间的加速度。通过使用 Ia 型超新星(SN)以及星系和类星体径向聚类(BAO)的观测数据(包括 DESI2024 的最新结果)将 qE 与传统的 q 进行比较,我们的分析表明 qE 与这些数据更加吻合。这篇论文的核心论点是,无论Λ的起源如何,它都会产生一个事件穹界,将流形分成两个因果断开的区域,类似于黑洞内部的状况,从而允许从静止帧的角度看qE,在这个角度中,宇宙膨胀似乎正在减速,而穹界就像一个摩擦项。这样的视界表明,宇宙无法在外部保持均质性。这样,观测到的宇宙学常数Λ就不能被解释为新暗能量的驱动力或引力的改变,而可以被解释为一个施加吸引力的边界项,类似于橡皮筋,抵制进一步膨胀并阻止事件视界的穿越。这种解释要求我们重新考虑当前的宇宙学模型及其所依据的假设。
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On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration
In relativity, the Newtonian concepts of velocity and acceleration are observer-dependent quantities that vary with the chosen frame of reference. It is well established that in the comoving frame, cosmic expansion is currently accelerating; however, in the rest frame, this expansion is actually decelerating. In this paper, we explore the implications of this distinction. The traditional measure of cosmic acceleration, denoted by q, is derived from the comoving frame and describes the acceleration of the scale factor a for a 3D space-like homogeneous sphere. We introduce a new parameter qE representing the acceleration experienced between observers within the light cone. By comparing qE to the traditional q using observational data from Type Ia supernovae (SN) and the radial clustering of galaxies and quasars (BAO)—including the latest results from DESI2024—our analysis demonstrates that qE aligns more closely with these data. The core argument of the paper is that Λ—regardless of its origin—creates an event horizon that divides the manifold into two causally disconnected regions analogous to conditions inside a black hole’s interior, thereby allowing for a rest-frame perspective qE in which cosmic expansion appears to be decelerating and the horizon acts like a friction term. Such a horizon suggests that the universe cannot maintain homogeneity outside. The observed cosmological constant Λ can then be interpreted not as a driver of new dark energy or a modification of gravity but as a boundary term exerting an attractive force, akin to a rubber band, resisting further expansion and preventing event horizon crossings. This interpretation calls for a reconsideration of current cosmological models and the assumptions underlying them.
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