施用一次生物炭对滴灌覆膜玉米生产中土壤碳储存和水肥生产率的影响

Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI:10.3390/agronomy14092028
Yonglin Jia, Zhe Xu, Dongliang Zhang, Wei Yang, Yanhong Ding, Changjian Li, Lihua Gao, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Zhongyi Qu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

生物炭是一种广受认可的土壤改良剂,用于改善土壤理化性质和提高作物产量。然而,人们对生物炭在种植系统中对土壤水、肥和碳的复合效应还不甚了解。我们开展了一项为期两年的田间研究,调查在玉米种植过程中,结合滴灌和薄膜覆盖,玉米秸秆衍生的生物炭对蒸散量、水肥利用效率、土壤有机碳(SOC)含量和土壤碳排放的影响。处理包括以下三种生物炭添加剂:15 吨/公顷(B15)、30 吨/公顷(B30)和 45 吨/公顷(B45)。在实验的第一年,生物炭完全在播种前加入,没有生物炭作为对照(CK)。两年后,生物炭添加剂(尤其是 B30)提高了作物水分生产率和氮、磷、钾肥的部分要素生产率。与 CK 相比,生物炭添加剂显著降低了作物生长过程中土壤二氧化碳和甲烷的排放量,两年平均值分别降低了 17.6-40.6% 和 -1.21-268.4% 。每公顷添加 15 吨生物炭的处理效果最好。B30 和 B45 分别需要在第三年和第四年补充生物炭,才能将 SOC 含量提高 20 克/千克。建议每公顷施用 22 公吨生物炭,以优化水肥利用效率,同时增加土壤有机质含量。不过,生物炭必须在第三年以每公顷 20 吨的比例添加,以抵消土壤碳损失并提高土壤有机质含量。
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Effects of a Single Biochar Application on Soil Carbon Storage and Water and Fertilizer Productivity of Drip-Irrigated, Film-Mulched Maize Production
Biochar is a widely recognized soil amendment used to improve soil physicochemical properties and crop productivity. However, its compositive effects on soil water, fertilizer, and carbon in cropping systems are not extensively understood. A two-year field study was conducted to investigate the influence of integrating maize-residue-derived biochar on evapotranspiration, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and soil carbon emissions in maize farming, employing drip irrigation in conjunction with film mulching. The treatments included the following three biochar amendments: 15 (B15); 30 (B30); and 45 (B45) t ha−1. Biochar was exclusively incorporated prior to sowing during the initial year of the experiment, and no biochar was used as a control (CK). After two years, the biochar amendments, especially B30, improved crop water productivity and the partial factor productivities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer. Relative to CK, the biochar amendments significantly reduced soil CO2 and CH4 emissions during crop growth by 17.6–40.6% and −1.21–268.4%, respectively, averaged across two years. The best treatment effect was achieved by adding 15 t ha−1 of biochar. The biochar needed replenishing in the third year for B30 and in the fourth year for B45 to increase the SOC content by 20 g kg−1. An application rate of 22 metric tons per hectare of biochar is proposed to optimize water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, alongside augmenting the soil organic matter content, within maize farming under drip irrigation and mulching practices on sandy loam soil. However, the biochar must be added at 20 t ha−1 in the third year to counterbalance soil carbon losses and improve SOC.
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