Temporal and Spatial Patterns of XCO2 and SIF as Observed by OCO-2: A Case Study in the Midwest Region of Brazil

This study aims to examine the seasonal spatial variability of column-averaged of dry air mole fraction of CO₂ (X_CO2) and Solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) in the state of Mato Grosso in the Midwest region of Brazil, employing ordinary kriging (OK) as the spatial interpolation method. The X_CO2 and SIF remote sensing data were collected on the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) platform. Descriptive statistical analysis also incorporated spatial variability by using OK on the data that had been segregated into dry and wet seasons. The wet season mean for X_CO2 ranged from 393.96 ± 0.10 to 394.14 ± 0.10 ppm between 2015 and 2018, and no variation in the mean of X_CO2 was observed between these years in the dry season. SIF was higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season. A significant and more substantial negative relationship (r = − 0.84, p < 0.01) was observed between X_CO2 and SIF. Higher values of X_CO2 and SIF were observed in the northern region of the state, under the Amazon biome. Therefore, the seasonal variability of X_CO2 in the Mato Grosso State, Brazil, is positively related to SIF. It indicates that photosynthesis plays an essential role in this carbon dynamics under regional conditions.