利用耀斑寻找恒星活动周期:TIC-272272592 的长短时间活动变化

Tobin M. Wainer, James R. A. Davenport, Guadalupe Tovar Mendoza, Tom Wagg
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摘要

我们研究了开普勒 4 年的 30 分钟数据和 TESS 5 个区段的 2 分钟数据,涉及 dM3 星 KIC-8507979/TIC-272272592。这颗快速旋转(P=1.2 天)的恒星以前被确定为耀斑活跃星,其耀斑输出可能会长期下降。这种表面磁活动的缓慢变化是类似太阳活动周期的潜在指标,可以提供有关恒星动力结构的重要信息。我们发现,虽然TIC-272272592的耀斑活动显示出短期和长期变化的证据,但这不太可能是物理原因造成的。只有少数几颗恒星接受过这种长基线时间点耀斑研究,而且由于带通、信噪比和时序的差异,我们敦促在比较不同望远镜的结果时要谨慎。在这项工作中,我们开发了一种测量耀斑频率分布随时间变化的方法,并将其量化为观测基线的函数。对于TIC-272272592,我们发现一个具有耀斑赤字的扇区的探测值为2.7个西格玛元,因此表明短期变化可能是采样统计的结果。这种描述耀斑率变化的量化方法是测量表面磁活动月至年变化的一种强大的新方法,为低质量恒星的活动周期和动力模型提供了重要的约束条件。
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Searching for Stellar Activity Cycles using Flares: The Short and Long Timescale Activity Variations of TIC-272272592
We examine 4 years of Kepler 30-min data, and 5 Sectors of TESS 2-min data for the dM3 star KIC-8507979/TIC-272272592. This rapidly rotating (P=1.2 day) star has previously been identified as flare active, with a possible long-term decline in its flare output. Such slow changes in surface magnetic activity are potential indicators of Solar-like activity cycles, which can yield important information about the structure of the stellar dynamo. We find that while TIC-272272592 shows evidence for both short and long timescale variations in its flare activity, it is unlikely physically motivated. Only a handful of stars have been subjected to such long baseline point-in-time flare studies, and we urge caution in comparing results between telescopes due to differences in bandpass, signal to noise, and cadence. In this work, we develop an approach to measure variations in the flare frequency distributions over time, which is quantified as a function of the observing baseline. For TIC-272272592, we find a $2.7\sigma$ detection of a Sector which has a flare deficit, therefore indicating the short term variation could be a result of sampling statistics. This quantifiable approach to describing flare rate variation is a powerful new method for measuring the months-to-years changes in surface magnetic activity, and provides important constraints on activity cycles and dynamo models for low mass stars.
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