细胞效应器在诱导和维持 IgA 反应以产生针对肠道细菌病原体的保护性免疫中的作用

IF 8.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1446072
Laura E. Carreto-Binaghi, Marcelo B. Sztein, Jayaum S. Booth
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引用次数: 0

摘要

粘膜免疫系统是抵御传染病的第一道关键防线,因为许多病原体通过粘膜表面进入人体,破坏了粘膜细胞、分泌分子和微生物群在这一充满挑战的微环境中的平衡互动。粘膜免疫系统由一个复杂的综合网络组成,其中包括肠道相关淋巴组织(GALT)。它对微生物的主要反应之一是分泌 IgA,IgA 在粘膜中的作用对于防止病原体定植、入侵和扩散至关重要。这些关键反应所涉及的机制包括中和病原体、免疫排斥、免疫调节和交叉保护。高亲和力 IgA 反应的产生和维持需要多种成分的微妙平衡,包括 B 细胞和 T 细胞的相互作用、先天性细胞、细胞因子环境(如 IL-21、IL-10、TGF-β)以及肠道平衡所必需的其他因素,包括肠道微生物群。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论肠道微环境中的主要细胞成分(如 T 细胞、先天性淋巴细胞、树突状细胞),它们是重要效应反应的介质,也是支持 B 细胞诱导和维持 IgA 生成的关键因素,尤其是在人类肠道感染和接种疫苗的情况下。了解体液和细胞保护成分的机制可指导并加速开发更有效的粘膜疫苗和治疗干预措施,从而有效对抗粘膜感染。
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Role of cellular effectors in the induction and maintenance of IgA responses leading to protective immunity against enteric bacterial pathogens
The mucosal immune system is a critical first line of defense to infectious diseases, as many pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, disrupting the balanced interactions between mucosal cells, secretory molecules, and microbiota in this challenging microenvironment. The mucosal immune system comprises of a complex and integrated network that includes the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). One of its primary responses to microbes is the secretion of IgA, whose role in the mucosa is vital for preventing pathogen colonization, invasion and spread. The mechanisms involved in these key responses include neutralization of pathogens, immune exclusion, immune modulation, and cross-protection. The generation and maintenance of high affinity IgA responses require a delicate balance of multiple components, including B and T cell interactions, innate cells, the cytokine milieu (e.g., IL-21, IL-10, TGF-β), and other factors essential for intestinal homeostasis, including the gut microbiota. In this review, we will discuss the main cellular components (e.g., T cells, innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells) in the gut microenvironment as mediators of important effector responses and as critical players in supporting B cells in eliciting and maintaining IgA production, particularly in the context of enteric infections and vaccination in humans. Understanding the mechanisms of humoral and cellular components in protection could guide and accelerate the development of more effective mucosal vaccines and therapeutic interventions to efficiently combat mucosal infections.
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
16.00
自引率
6.30%
发文量
4978
审稿时长
1.8 months
期刊介绍: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is a leading interdisciplinary journal that brings together chemists, engineers, physicists, and biologists to explore the development and utilization of newly-discovered materials and interfacial processes for specific applications. Our journal has experienced remarkable growth since its establishment in 2009, both in terms of the number of articles published and the impact of the research showcased. We are proud to foster a truly global community, with the majority of published articles originating from outside the United States, reflecting the rapid growth of applied research worldwide.
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