黄土高原暴雨期间土壤侵蚀类型的强度和热点:对流域管理的影响

IF 5.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Catena Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.1016/j.catena.2024.108365
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在气候变化的背景下,暴雨事件日益频繁。特别是在黄土高原,暴雨是造成水土流失的主要原因。本研究调查和分析了黄土高原不同地区不同暴雨事件下小流域不同类型的水土流失热点及其影响因素。结果表明,冲沟、沟谷、滑坡和崩塌的侵蚀强度分别为 13600-46244、1982-772201、1163-172153 t km-2 和 1867-94985 t km-2。新修梯田的侵蚀强度是旧梯田的 1.6 倍,而当年雨季前修梯田的侵蚀破坏强度是上年雨季后修梯田的 2.6 倍。此外,在暴雨条件下,滑坡是流域内最严重的水土流失类型,其最大侵蚀量占总侵蚀量的 90% 以上,其次是冲沟或崩塌侵蚀,主要是梯田隆起的崩塌。坡耕地、未铺设路面的道路、梯田隆起和沟肩线以下的谷坡被确定为侵蚀热点区域。暴雨侵蚀受土地利用类型和坡度的影响很大,分别解释了侵蚀强度总变异的 14.2 %-41.5 % 和 9.7 %-15.1 %。我们建议,黄土高原的水土流失防治工作应重点关注沟肩线以下的谷坡滑坡,其次是未铺设路面的道路冲沟和梯田崩塌。应在沟肩线以上、道路和梯田内侧修建排水沟和水窖,从而减少水土流失。我们的研究对于优化和调整流域管理措施、预防暴雨侵蚀灾害至关重要。
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Magnitude and hotspots of soil erosion types during heavy rainstorm events on the Loess Plateau: Implications for watershed management

In the context of climate change, rainstorm events are becoming increasingly frequent. In particular, on the Loess Plateau, heavy rainstorms are the primary cause of soil erosion. This study investigated and analysed different types of soil erosion hotspots and influencing factors in small watersheds under different rainstorm events in different areas of the Loess Plateau. The results indicate that the erosion intensities of rills, gullies, landslides and collapses ranged from 13600-46244, 1982-772201, 1163-172153 t km-2 and 1867-94985 t km-2, respectively. Newly constructed terraces exhibited an erosion intensity 1.6 times greater than that of old terraces, while terraces constructed before the rainy season in the current year exhibited an erosion damage intensity 2.6 times greater than that of terraces constructed after the rainy season in the previous year. In addition, under rainstorm conditions, landslides represented the most severe type of erosion in the watersheds, with the maximum amount of erosion accounting for more than 90 % of the total erosion amount, followed by gully or collapse erosion, with the collapse of terrace risers as the main contributor. Slope cultivation land, unpaved roads, terrace risers, and valley slopes below the gully shoulder line were identified as erosion hotspot areas. Rainstorm erosion was significantly influenced by the land use type and slope, which explained 14.2 %-41.5 % and 9.7 %-15.1 %, respectively, of the total variance in erosion intensity. We suggest that soil erosion prevention and control efforts on the Loess Plateau should focus on landslides on valley slopes below gully shoulder lines, followed by gullies on unpaved roads and the collapse of terraced fields. Drainage ditches and water cellars should be constructed above the gully shoulder line and on the inside of roads and terraces, thereby reducing erosion. Our research is crucial for optimizing and adjusting watershed management measures and preventing rainstorm erosion disasters.

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来源期刊
Catena
Catena 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
9.70%
发文量
816
审稿时长
54 days
期刊介绍: Catena publishes papers describing original field and laboratory investigations and reviews on geoecology and landscape evolution with emphasis on interdisciplinary aspects of soil science, hydrology and geomorphology. It aims to disseminate new knowledge and foster better understanding of the physical environment, of evolutionary sequences that have resulted in past and current landscapes, and of the natural processes that are likely to determine the fate of our terrestrial environment. Papers within any one of the above topics are welcome provided they are of sufficiently wide interest and relevance.
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