Detection of tick-borne pathogens in the pangolin tick, Amblyomma javanense, from Vietnam and Laos, including a novel species of Trypanosoma

Two species of Southeast Asian pangolins (the Chinese pangolin, Manis pentadactyla and the Malayan or Sunda pangolin, Manis javanica) are critically endangered species. Therefore, knowledge on their parasitic infections is very important, especially considering ticks that can transmit which pathogens. In this study, 32 pangolin ticks (Amblyomma javanense), that were collected in Vietnam and Laos, were analyzed with molecular methods for the presence of tick-borne pathogens. Two members of the family Anaplasmataceae were shown to be present in 14 pangolin ticks, i.e., Candidatus Anaplasma pangolinii and an Ehrlichia sp. In three ticks, a single Rickettsia genotype was also detected, and in seven ticks four 18S rRNA sequence variants of a Babesia sp. Most importantly, a novel protozoan agent, tentatively called here Trypanosoma sp. “PAT14” was detected in one A. javanense nymph. These results imply the first molecular finding of any species of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Babesia in pangolin ticks from Vietnam and Laos. On the other hand, detection of a new tick-associated Trypanosoma sp. in A. javanense from Southeast Asia is not only important from a taxonomic point of view, but it is also the first finding of any trypanosomes in the genus Amblyomma in Eurasia and adds pangolins to the potential placental mammalian hosts of any trypanosomes.