加利福尼亚教师研究中女性接触全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 与免疫反应之间的关系:横断面评估

IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Cytokine Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156753
Emily L. Cauble , Peggy Reynolds , Marta Epeldegui , Syam S. Andra , Larry Magpantay , Srinivasan Narasimhan , Divya Pulivarthi , Julie Von Behren , Otoniel Martinez-Maza , Debbie Goldberg , Emma S. Spielfogel , James V. Lacey Jr. , Sophia S. Wang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

引言 全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是一种持久性环境污染物,与许多健康结果有关,包括与免疫功能障碍有关的健康结果。方法 在这项嵌套于加州教师研究队列的横断面研究中,我们测量了血清中的九种全氟辛烷磺酸分析物。在这 9 种分析物中,我们进一步评估了 4 种(PFHxS [全氟己烷磺酸]、PFNA [全氟壬酸]、PFOA [全氟辛酸]、PFOS [全氟辛烷磺酸])与 16 种全身炎症/免疫标记物和相应免疫途径(Th1 [促炎症/巨噬细胞活化]、B 细胞活化和 T 细胞活化)的关系,这些标记物的检测水平为 80%。研究参与者(n = 722)均为女性,填写了有关各种健康措施和行为的问卷,并在 2013-2016 年间捐献了血液样本。通过在逻辑回归模型中计算几率比(OR)和 95 % 置信区间(CI),评估了 PFAS 分析物与单个免疫标记物和免疫途径之间的关联。PFAS分析物既作为二分暴露量(高于或低于各自的中位数),也作为连续变量(每增加1个单位[纳克/毫升])进行评估。结果检测到任何PFAS分析物的流行率随着年龄的增加而上升,75岁以上人群的PFAS流行率最高,40-49岁人群的PFAS流行率最低(研究参与者年龄范围:40-95岁)。在 PFHxS(OR=1.53)、PFOA(OR=1.43)和 PFOS(OR=1.40)水平升高(定义为高于中位数)的参与者中,观察到与 BAFF(B 细胞活化因子)水平高于中位数有显著关联。同样,PFHxS 水平升高与 TNFRII(肿瘤坏死因子受体 2)水平(OR=1.78)和 IL2Rα(白细胞介素 2 受体亚基 alpha)水平(OR=1.48)之间也存在统计学意义上的显著关联。我们还观察到 PFNA 升高与 sCD14(可溶性分化簇 14)之间存在明显的反向关系(OR=0.73)。未观察到 PFNA 升高与任何免疫标记物之间存在明显关联。结论 PFAS 暴露与循环炎症/免疫标记物水平的改变有关;这种关联与 PFAS 分析物和免疫标记物有关。如果得到验证,我们的研究结果可能表明不同的全氟辛烷磺酸分析物与不良健康结果之间存在潜在的免疫机制。
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Associations between per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure and immune responses among women in the California Teachers study: A cross-sectional evaluation

Introduction

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants that have been linked to a number of health outcomes, including those related to immune dysfunction. However, there are limited numbers of epidemiological-based studies that directly examine the association between PFAS exposure and immune responses.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study nested in the California Teachers Study cohort, we measured nine PFAS analytes in serum. Of the 9 analytes, we further evaluated four (PFHxS [perfluorohexane sulfonate], PFNA [perfluorononanoic acid], PFOA [perfluorooctanoic acid], PFOS [perfluorooctanesulfonic acid]) that had detection levels of > 80 %, in relation to 16 systemic inflammatory/immune markers and corresponding immune pathways (Th1 [pro-inflammatory/macrophage activation], B-cell activation, and T-cell activation). Study participants (n = 722) were female, completed a questionnaire regarding various health measures and behaviors, and donated a blood sample between 2013–2016. The association between PFAS analytes and individual immune markers and pathways were evaluated by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) in a logistic regression model. PFAS analytes were evaluated both as a dichotomous exposure (above or below the respective median) and as a continuous variable (per 1 unit increase [ng/mL]).

Results

The prevalence of detecting any PFAS analyte rose with increasing age, with the highest PFAS prevalence observed among those aged 75 + years and the lowest PFAS prevalence observed among those aged 40–49 years (study participant age range: 40–95 years). Significant associations with BAFF (B-cell activating factor) levels above the median were observed among participants with elevated (defined as above the median) levels of PFHxS (OR=1.53), PFOA (OR=1.43), and PFOS (OR=1.40). Similarly, there were statistically significant associations between elevated levels of PFHxS and TNFRII (tumor necrosis factor receptor 2) levels (OR=1.78) and IL2Rα (interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha) levels (OR=1.48). We also observed significant inverse associations between elevated PFNA and sCD14 (soluble cluster of differentiation 14) (OR=0.73). No significant associations were observed between elevated PFNA and any immune marker. Evaluation of PFAS exposures as continuous exposures in association with dichotomized cytokines were generally consistent with the dichotomized associations.

Conclusions

PFAS exposure was associated with altered levels of circulating inflammatory/immune markers; the associations were specific to PFAS analyte and immune marker. If validated, our results may suggest potential immune mechanisms underlying associations between the different PFAS analytes and adverse health outcomes.

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来源期刊
Cytokine
Cytokine 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
2.60%
发文量
262
审稿时长
48 days
期刊介绍: The journal Cytokine has an open access mirror journal Cytokine: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. * Devoted exclusively to the study of the molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, immunology, genome-wide association studies, pathobiology, diagnostic and clinical applications of all known interleukins, hematopoietic factors, growth factors, cytotoxins, interferons, new cytokines, and chemokines, Cytokine provides comprehensive coverage of cytokines and their mechanisms of actions, 12 times a year by publishing original high quality refereed scientific papers from prominent investigators in both the academic and industrial sectors. We will publish 3 major types of manuscripts: 1) Original manuscripts describing research results. 2) Basic and clinical reviews describing cytokine actions and regulation. 3) Short commentaries/perspectives on recently published aspects of cytokines, pathogenesis and clinical results.
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