采矿诱发微地震的无监督聚类有助于深入了解震源机制

IF 7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105905
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引用次数: 0

摘要

地下矿井的微震源机制可以提供岩体对采矿反应的信息。此类研究的传统方法依赖于力矩张量解,而力矩张量解容易受到建模假设的影响,并且需要有关震源位置和高分辨率速度模型的可靠信息。我们建议应用无监督聚类,直接从波形数据中将微地震事件分为不同类别,使特定类别中的事件具有相似的震源机制。我们的方法有三个主要步骤:首先,使用频谱分解法将空间密集聚类中发生的事件的观测振幅频谱中的源项与路径接收器贡献分离开来。其次,利用独立分量分析(ICA)减少源频谱中的特征数量。第三,将高斯混合模型(GMM)应用于减少的特征矩阵,以获得事件集群。为了测试我们的方法,我们使用接收器网络和萨斯喀彻温省一个地下钾盐矿的微震事件记录位置生成合成波形数据。结果表明,我们的方法能够根据震源机制的不同将事件分成不同的类别。应用 2021 年 2 月在该矿记录的现场数据,可成功区分爆破和微震事件。2021 年 3 月 1 日至 6 月 30 日期间记录的数据只包含微震事件,这些数据被分为两个主要类别。利用其中一些事件的已知力矩张量(MT)进行标注,我们将两类事件中的一类解释为主要的双偶机制,而另一类则很可能对应于线性偶极张力机制。我们的方法与一些专家知识(如一些较大震级事件的 MT)相结合,可以对诱发地震中经常遇到的大型微地震群的震源类型进行评估。
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Unsupervised clustering of mining-induced microseismicity provides insights into source mechanisms

Microseismic source mechanisms in underground mines can provide information about the rock mass response to mining. Conventional approaches to such studies rely upon moment tensor solutions that are susceptible to modeling assumptions and need reliable information about source locations and high-resolution velocity models. We propose the application of unsupervised clustering to group microseismic events into different classes directly from the waveform data such that the events in a specific class have similar source mechanisms. Our method has three main steps, first using spectral decomposition to separate the source terms from the path-receiver contributions in the observed amplitude spectra of events occurring in spatially dense clusters. Second, reducing the number of features from the source spectra using independent component analysis (ICA). Third, applying a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to the reduced feature matrix to obtain event clusters. To test our method, we generate synthetic waveform data using the receiver network and the recorded microseismic event locations in an underground potash mine in Saskatchewan. Results show the ability of our method to separate events into different classes corresponding to differences in source mechanisms. Application to field data recorded in the mine during February 2021 successfully discriminates between blasts and microseismic events. The data recorded between 1 March and 30 June 2021 that contain microseismic events only are divided into two dominant classes. Using known moment tensors (MT) of some of these events for labeling, we interpret one of the two classes as having dominant double-couple mechanisms as compared to the other which most likely corresponds to the linear dipole-tensile mechanisms. Our method, combined with some expert knowledge such as MT of some larger magnitude events, can offer an assessment of source types of large microseismic populations as often encountered in induced seismicity.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
14.00
自引率
5.60%
发文量
196
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences focuses on original research, new developments, site measurements, and case studies within the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Serving as an international platform, it showcases high-quality papers addressing rock mechanics and the application of its principles and techniques in mining and civil engineering projects situated on or within rock masses. These projects encompass a wide range, including slopes, open-pit mines, quarries, shafts, tunnels, caverns, underground mines, metro systems, dams, hydro-electric stations, geothermal energy, petroleum engineering, and radioactive waste disposal. The journal welcomes submissions on various topics, with particular interest in theoretical advancements, analytical and numerical methods, rock testing, site investigation, and case studies.
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