Wadea Ameen, Moath Alatefi, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Murtadha Aldoukhi, Atef M Ghaleb and Abdullah Alfaify
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The proposed methodology involves producing a large sample of small specimens of square shape using EBM technology. Three critical dimensions of the specimen in the X, Y, and Z axis are investigated as quality characteristics. The dimensions of quality characteristics are measured using a precise measurement device. The normality and stability assumptions of the collected data are investigated using skewness measure, and multivariate process control chart respectively. Then a large sample of the multivariate normal data is simulated using computer software to estimate the percent of nonconforming (PNC) from the established specification limits, which is used to estimate MPCI. Finally, the capable tolerance of the process is estimated and the sensitivity analysis of variation is investigated. The results show the capability of the EBM process under different specification limits designations. Estimating MPCI revealed that the EBM process is capable under very coarse limits only. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
电子束熔化(EBM)是相对较新的金属 AM 技术之一,其应用前景广阔且日益增多。因此,有必要利用其关键质量特性来评估 EBM 工艺的质量。然而,EBM 和不同的 AM 工艺零件具有许多功能上或统计上相关的质量特性。因此,应该对 EBM 工艺的质量特性进行综合评估。因此,本研究旨在使用多元过程能力指数(MPCI)评估 EBM 过程的质量。在本研究中,不同方向的尺寸精度被视为一种质量特征。所建议的方法包括使用 EBM 技术制作大量方形小试样。试样在 X、Y 和 Z 轴上的三个关键尺寸作为质量特性进行研究。质量特性的尺寸使用精确测量设备进行测量。分别使用偏度测量和多元过程控制图对所收集数据的正态性和稳定性假设进行研究。然后,使用计算机软件对多元正态数据的大样本进行模拟,以估算与既定规格限制不符的百分比(PNC),并以此估算 MPCI。最后,估算流程的能容许误差,并研究变异的敏感性分析。结果显示了 EBM 流程在不同规格限制下的能力。对 MPCI 的估算表明,EBM 工艺仅在非常粗糙的限制条件下具有能力。此外,敏感性分析表明,质量特性数据的变化对 MPCI 估算非常敏感,尤其是宽度质量特性的变化。
Multivariate process capability analysis for evaluating metal additive manufacturing via electron beam melting
Electron beam melting (EBM) as one of the relatively new metal AM techniques showed promising and increasing applications. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the quality of the EBM process using its critical quality characteristics. However, EBM and different AM process parts have many functionally or statistically correlated quality characteristics. Consequently, the quality characteristics of the EBM process should be evaluated together. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the quality of the EBM process using a multivariate process capability index (MPCI). In this study, the dimensional accuracy in different directions is considered as a quality characteristics. The proposed methodology involves producing a large sample of small specimens of square shape using EBM technology. Three critical dimensions of the specimen in the X, Y, and Z axis are investigated as quality characteristics. The dimensions of quality characteristics are measured using a precise measurement device. The normality and stability assumptions of the collected data are investigated using skewness measure, and multivariate process control chart respectively. Then a large sample of the multivariate normal data is simulated using computer software to estimate the percent of nonconforming (PNC) from the established specification limits, which is used to estimate MPCI. Finally, the capable tolerance of the process is estimated and the sensitivity analysis of variation is investigated. The results show the capability of the EBM process under different specification limits designations. Estimating MPCI revealed that the EBM process is capable under very coarse limits only. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis showed that variation in quality characteristics data is very sensitive for MPCI estimation, especially variation in width quality characteristic.
期刊介绍:
A broad, rapid peer-review journal publishing new experimental and theoretical research on the design, fabrication, properties and applications of all classes of materials.