原始肠道衍生结构最常见的两种癌症及其微生物联系的启示

Q4 Medicine Medicina Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.3390/medicina60091515
Amitabha Ray, Thomas F. Moore, Dayalu S. L. Naik, Daniel M. Borsch
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引用次数: 0

摘要

肠胃系统和呼吸系统从胚胎学、解剖学、细胞学和生理学等不同角度密切相关。生活在大肠/结肠中的微生物数量(和种类)最多,构成了健康人的正常微生物群。微生物群的不良改变或菌群失调会导致慢性炎症。如果这种不利条件持续存在,就会出现一系列病理现象,如炎症性肠病、发育不良或恶性病变,最后导致癌症。在炎症性肠病和结肠癌中最常发现的细菌之一是大肠杆菌。另一方面,炎症性肠病患者还可能罹患其他几种疾病,包括肠道疾病(如营养不良和肠梗阻,此外还有癌症)和肠道外疾病(如关节炎、支气管扩张和癌症风险)。肺癌和结肠癌是全球最常见的两种恶性肿瘤(女性乳腺癌除外)。与细菌在结肠癌中的作用一样,许多研究也表明慢性肺炎衣原体感染与肺癌之间存在联系。然而,在结肠癌中,属于 B2 系统群的产基因毒性大肠杆菌可能会促进肿瘤发生。此外,大肠杆菌被认为在癌细胞从原发结肠部位扩散的过程中扮演了重要角色。目前,已描述了七种肠道致病性大肠杆菌亚型。相反,有三种衣原体可导致人类感染(沙眼衣原体可增加宫颈癌和卵巢癌的风险)。然而,惊人的基因组可塑性和基因修饰使大肠杆菌能够不断适应周围环境。因此,大肠杆菌对抗生素产生了抗药性,变得难以控制。为了解决这个问题,科学家们正在考虑利用合适的噬菌体(能感染和杀死细菌的病毒)。目前正在对几种大肠杆菌和衣原体的噬菌体进行评估。
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Insights into the Two Most Common Cancers of Primitive Gut-Derived Structures and Their Microbial Connections
The gastrointestinal and respiratory systems are closely linked in different ways, including from the embryological, anatomical, cellular, and physiological angles. The highest number (and various types) of microorganisms live in the large intestine/colon, and constitute the normal microbiota in healthy people. Adverse alterations of the microbiota or dysbiosis can lead to chronic inflammation. If this detrimental condition persists, a sequence of pathological events can occur, such as inflammatory bowel disease, dysplasia or premalignant changes, and finally, cancer. One of the most commonly identified bacteria in both inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer is Escherichia coli. On the other hand, patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at risk of several other diseases—both intestinal (such as malnutrition and intestinal obstruction, besides cancer) and extraintestinal (such as arthritis, bronchiectasis, and cancer risk). Cancers of the lung and colon are the two most common malignancies occurring worldwide (except for female breast cancer). Like the bacterial role in colon cancer, many studies have shown a link between chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and lung cancer. However, in colon cancer, genotoxic colibactin-producing E. coli belonging to the B2 phylogroup may promote tumorigenesis. Furthermore, E. coli is believed to play an important role in the dissemination of cancer cells from the primary colonic site. Currently, seven enteric pathogenic E. coli subtypes have been described. Conversely, three Chlamydiae can cause infections in humans (C. trachomatis may increase the risk of cervical and ovarian cancers). Nonetheless, striking genomic plasticity and genetic modifications allow E. coli to constantly adjust to the surrounding environment. Consequently, E. coli becomes resistant to antibiotics and difficult to manage. To solve this problem, scientists are thinking of utilizing suitable lytic bacteriophages (viruses that infect and kill bacteria). Several bacteriophages of E. coli and Chlamydia species are being evaluated for this purpose.
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来源期刊
Medicina
Medicina Medicine-Medicine (all)
CiteScore
0.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
66
审稿时长
24 weeks
期刊介绍: Publicada con el apoyo del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Medicina no tiene propósitos comerciales. El objeto de su creación ha sido propender al adelanto de la medicina argentina. Los beneficios que pudieran obtenerse serán aplicados exclusivamente a ese fin.
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