Influence of silicious rock dust on mechanical, thermal and flammability behaviour of Himalayan nettle fibre-reinforced vinyl ester composite

This research delves into the comprehensive assessment of a novel composite material, comprising Himalayan nettle fibre (HNF) and vinyl ester resin, reinforced with silicon-rich siliceous rock dust (SRD). The purpose of this study is to develop an eco-friendly composite material for various engineering applications. The HNF was used in chopped form, and the composites were prepared via hand layup process. Results of these composites revealed that the inclusion of SRD led to a significant enhancement in wear resistance with reduced sp. wear rate of 0.009 mm³/Nm and coefficient of friction of 0.22, indicating material’s resistance to wear. Similarly, flammability characteristics were rigorously examined through standard tests. The introduction of siliceous rock dust induced a substantial improvement in fire resistance, as evidenced in VN3 (HNF 40 vol.% and SRD 5 vol.%) composite by reduced flame propagation speed of 4.11 mm/min with HB and V-0 UL-94 ratings. Similarly, the composite’s thermal stability was increased with the incorporation of SRD. Composite VN3 (HNF 40 vol.% and SRD 5 vol.%) observed with high initial degradation temperature of 387 °C, respectively. The findings of this study are significant, showcasing the positive impact of silicon-rich siliceous rock dust on the dry sliding wear resistance, flammability and thermal stability of the composite. This innovative material has the potential to revolutionize industries where mechanical performance and fire resistance are of concern, including but not limited to construction, transportation, and aerospace.