Concomitant hiatal hernia repair with transoral incisionless fundoplication for the treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review

Background

Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) is safe and effective in select patients with hiatal hernias ≤ 2 cm with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). For patients with hiatal hernias > 2 cm, concomitant hiatal hernia (HH) repair with TIF (cTIF) is offered as an alternative to conventional anti-reflux surgery (ARS). Yet, data on this approach is limited. Through a comprehensive systematic review, we aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cTIF for managing refractory GERD in patients with hernias > 2 cm.

Study design

We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating cTIF outcomes from PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases up to February 14, 2024. Primary outcomes included complete cessation of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Secondary outcomes included objective GERD assessment, adverse events, and treatment-related side effects. Pooled analysis was employed wherever feasible.

Results

Seven observational studies (306 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Five were retrospective cohort studies and two were prospective observational studies. The median rate of discontinuation of PPIs was 73.8% (range 56.4–94.4%). Significant improvements were observed in disease-specific, validated GERD questionnaires. The median rate for complications was 4.4% (range 0–7.9%), and the 30-day readmission rate had a median of 3.3% (range 0–5.3%). The incidence of dysphagia was 11 out of 164 patients, with a median of 5.3% (range 0–8.3%), while the incidence of gas bloating was 15 out of 127 patients, with a median of 6.9% (range 0–13.8%).

Conclusion

Current data on cTIF suggests a promising alternative to ARS with comparable short-term efficacy and safety profile for managing refractory GERD with a low side effect profile. However, longer-term data and comparative efficacy studies are needed.

Graphical abstract