播种日期对玉米主要产量成分的影响

Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.3390/agronomy14092120
Zsuzsa Domokos, Alina Șimon, Felicia Chețan, Ovidiu Adrian Ceclan, Emanuela Filip, Roxana Elena Călugăr, Sorin Daniel Vâtcă, Marcel Matei Duda
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摘要

玉米的播种日期对其主要产量要素有显著影响。该实验于 2018 年至 2021 年在罗马尼亚 Sângeorgiu de Mureș 塔尔古穆雷牛育种研发站(R.D.S.C.B. Târgu Mureș, Sângeorgiu de Mureș, România)进行,涉及不同成熟度组别的九个玉米杂交种,在三个日期播种:土壤温度为 6 °C 的早播(ES)、土壤温度为 10 °C 的最佳播种(OS)和最佳播种日期两周后的晚播(LS)。实验采用多因子经验法:A × B × C × C - R:3 × 9 × 4 - 3,按照细分地块法组织。研究考察了播种期对谷物产量(GY)、千粒重(TKW)、测试重量(TW)、每穗粒重百分比(% G/C)和收获时谷物湿度(GHH)的影响。结果表明,与最佳播种期相比,早播或晚播对产量没有负面影响,ES 和 OS 之间的差异为 52 千克/公顷,ES 和 LS 之间的差异为 147 千克/公顷,OS 和 LS 之间的差异为 95 千克/公顷。ES 增加了 TW(723.4 kg hl-1)和 G/C %(86.7%),但减少了 GY(13,377 kg ha-1)、TKW(335.3 g)和 GHH(19.5%)。相反,LS 对 GY(13,524 kg ha-1)、TKW(356.7 g)和 GHH(23.9%)有积极影响,但对 TW(692.8 kg hl-1)和 G/C %(84.9%)有消极影响。P9900 和 Kapitolis 杂交种的产量数据表明,它们适合早播。
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The Influence of Sowing Date on the Primary Yield Components of Maize
The sowing date of maize significantly impacts its main yield elements. The experiment, conducted at the Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding (R.D.S.C.B.) Târgu Mureș, Sângeorgiu de Mureș, România, from 2018 to 2021, involved nine maize hybrids from different maturity groups, sown on three dates: early sowing (ES) at 6 °C soil temperature, optimal sowing (OS) at 10 °C soil temperature, and late sowing (LS) two weeks after the optimal date. The experiment was placed in a poly-factorial experience of type: A × B × C × C − R: 3 × 9 × 4 − 3, organized according to the subdivided plots method. The study examined the influence of sowing date on grain yield (GY), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), test weight (TW), percentage of grains per cob (% G/C), and grain humidity at harvest (GHH). The results indicated that yield was not negatively impacted by early or late sowing compared to the optimal date, with differences of 52 kg ha−1 between ES and OS, 147 kg ha−1 between ES and LS, and 95 kg ha−1 between OS and LS. ES increased TW (723.4 kg hl−1) and % G/C (86.7%), but reduced GY (13,377 kg ha−1), TKW (335.3 g), and GHH (19.5%). Conversely, LS positively influenced GY (13,524 kg ha−1), TKW (356.7 g), and GHH (23.9%), but negatively affected TW (692.8 kg hl−1) and % G/C (84.9%). Yield data obtained by P9900 and Kapitolis hybrids suggest that they are suitable for early sowing.
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