揭示木薯褐斑病的抗性:遗传变异和组合能力的启示

Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.3390/agronomy14092122
Karoline Leonard Sichalwe, Siraj Ismail Kayondo, Richard Edema, Mikidadi Abubakar Omari, Heneriko Kulembeka, Patrick Rubaihayo, Edward Kanju
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摘要

尽管有抗病品种,但木薯褐条纹病(CBSD)威胁着撒哈拉以南非洲地区的木薯生产。极端环境因素削弱了植物的防御能力,降低了 CBSD 的抗性。本研究考察了木薯种群的 CBSD 遗传情况,评估了遗传变异性,并利用从抗性来源获得的 F1、S1 和半同父异母后代种群确定了优良的抗性来源。从 2019 年到 2021 年,这些后代在两个不同的地点进行了田间评估,并使用反转录定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)分析了无症状基因型。根据症状和病毒滴度,将对 CBSD 的抗性分为最抗性、抗性、最耐受性和耐受性。研究结果表明,对 CBSD 的抗性受基因型、F1/S1 类型和环境条件的影响很大。组合能力分析表明,CBSD、木薯花叶病(CMD)和与产量相关的性状具有显著的一般组合能力(GCAs)。各地对 CBSD 的抗性遗传率估计值分别为:叶片症状 43.4% 至 63.2%,根部坏死 14.6% 至 57.9%。遗传模式涉及加性基因和隐性基因的结合,自交(S1)群体表现出更强更有效的抗病性。木薯褐斑病病毒(CBSV)高度流行,而乌干达木薯褐斑病病毒(UCBSV)不流行。有四个基因型对木薯褐斑病有很强的抗性,可能是该病的主要抗性来源。
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Unlocking Cassava Brown Streak Disease Resistance in Cassava: Insights from Genetic Variability and Combining Ability
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) threatens cassava production in sub-Saharan Africa despite the availability of resistant varieties. Extreme environmental factors weaken plant defenses, reducing CBSD resistance. This study examined CBSD inheritance in cassava populations, assessed genetic variability, and identified superior sources of resistance using F1, S1, and half-sib offspring populations derived from resistant sources. The offspring underwent field evaluation at two distinct sites from 2019 to 2021, and the symptom-free genotypes were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Resistance to CBSD was categorized as most resistant, resistant, most tolerant, or tolerant based on symptoms and virus titers. The findings indicated that the resistance to CBSD is highly influenced by genotypes, F1/S1 types, and environmental conditions. An analysis of combining abilities revealed significant general combining abilities (GCAs) for CBSD, cassava mosaic disease (CMD), and traits associated with yield. The heritability estimates for resistance to CBSD varied between 43.4% and 63.2% for foliar symptoms and 14.6% and 57.9% for root necrosis across locations. The inheritance pattern involved a combination of additive and recessive genes with selfed (S1) populations displaying stronger and more effective resistance to the disease. The cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) was highly prevalent, and the Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) was not prevalent. Four genotypes were highly resistant to CBSD and could be key sources of resistance to this disease.
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