对宇航员在太空飞行期间颅内压变化的声学估算

Arturo Moleti, Triestino Minniti, Yoshita Sharma, Altea Russo, Andrea Civiero, Maria Patrizia Orlando, Robert MacGregor, Marco Lucertini, Arnaldo D’Amico, Giorgio Pennazza, Marco Santonico, Alessandro Zompanti, Alessandro Crisafi, Maurizio Deffacis, Rosa Sapone, Gabriele Mascetti, Monia Vadrucci, Giovanni Valentini, Dario Castagnolo, Teresa Botti, Luigi Cerini, Filippo Sanjust, Renata Sisto
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摘要

目的研究在国际空间站上长时间暴露于微重力环境与颅内液体压力增加之间的潜在相关性(颅内液体压力增加被认为是宇航员视力的一个危险因素),并探索使用失真产物耳声发射作为飞行中颅内压力变化非侵入性监测器的可行性。方法在飞行前、飞行中和飞行后对五名宇航员的双耳进行失真产物耳声发射相位测量。这些测量结果是颅内压变化的间接指标,因为它们对中耳传导变化非常敏感。结果飞行中的测量结果显示,与飞行前地面直立坐姿的基线相比,耳声相位有显著的系统性增加,表明太空飞行期间颅内压升高。值得注意的是,在两名宇航员身上还观察到,在飞行期间和飞行结束后,两只耳朵测量到的相位变化的时间过程非常一致。该研究表明,失真产物耳声发射有望成为一种无创工具,用于监测宇航员在执行太空任务期间的颅内压变化。需要在不同身体姿势下进行飞行前测量,并根据个人耳部形态制定探头安装策略,以验证和完善这种方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Otoacoustic Estimate of Astronauts’ Intracranial Pressure Changes During Spaceflight

Purpose

To investigate the potential correlation between prolonged exposure to microgravity on the International Space Station and increased intracranial fluid pressure, which is considered a risk factor for the astronauts’ vision, and to explore the feasibility of using distortion product otoacoustic emissions as a non-invasive in-flight monitor for intracranial pressure changes.

Methods

Distortion product otoacoustic emission phase measurements were taken from both ears of five astronauts pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight. These measurements served as indirect indicators of intracranial pressure changes, given their high sensitivity to middle ear transmission alterations. The baseline pre-flight ground measurements were taken in the seated upright position.

Results

In-flight measurements revealed a significant systematic increase in otoacoustic phase, indicating elevated intracranial pressure during spaceflight compared to seated upright pre-flight ground baseline. Noteworthy, in two astronauts, strong agreement was also observed between the time course of the phase changes measured in the two ears during and after the mission. Reproducibility and stability of the probe placement in the ear canal were recognized as a critical issue.

Conclusions

The study suggests that distortion product otoacoustic emissions hold promise as a non-invasive tool for monitoring intracranial pressure changes in astronauts during space missions. Pre-flight measurements in different body postures and probe fitting strategies based on the individual ear morphology are needed to validate and refine this approach.

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