Adipocyte sphingosine kinase 1 regulates histone modifiers to disrupt circadian function

Circadian rhythms align biological functions with the 24-hour day-night cycle, but modern artificial light disrupts these patterns, contributing to health issues like obesity and cardiovascular disease. The circadian clock operates through a transcriptional-translational feedback loop involving core components such as BMAL1 and CLOCK. Recent research has shown circadian variations in sphingolipid metabolism, specifically sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which plays crucial signaling roles. This study investigates the sphingolipid enzyme, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), which converts sphingosine to S1P, as a circadian-regulated gene in adipocytes. We find that SphK1 expression and activity follow a circadian rhythm, regulated by BMAL1 and CLOCK binding to its promoter. Adipocyte-specific SphK1 knockout mice exhibit disrupted circadian rhythms and impaired adipocyte function. Additionally, SphK1 deficiency leads to reduced histone acetylation and altered histone deacetylase (HDAC) localization, affecting gene regulation. These results highlight the critical role of SphK1 in linking lipid metabolism with circadian biology.