{"title":"构造和气候对帕米尔高原地形空间变化的控制以及对排水系统演变的影响","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2024.106333","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Pamir Plateau, NW prolongation of the Tibetan Plateau, experienced late Cenozoic thrusting and extensional shearing/faulting and mainly receives moisture from the mid-latitude Westerlies. Thus, this region provides a natural laboratory to study how tectonic activity and climate impact topography. In this study, we extracted geomorphic indices from digital elevation model data, including local relief, normalized channel steepness index (<em>k<sub>sn</sub></em>), river longitudinal and <em>χ</em> profiles, as well as cross-valley profiles, to reveal the topographic variations across the Pamir Plateau, and to analyze the effects of tectonic activity and climate on its topography. Because the upper reaches of the Panj, Ghez, and Tashkurgan river catchments, and the Karakul Lake endorheic catchment are located in extremely low precipitation regions and dominantly result from late Cenozoic crustal extension, they generally have low local relief and <em>k<sub>sn</sub></em> values, gentle gradients on the <em>χ</em>-elevation plots, and wide valleys, especially along the intermontane basins. By contrast, the lower reaches of the Panj, Ghez, and Tashkurgan catchments generally have high local relief and <em>k<sub>sn</sub></em> values, steep gradients on the <em>χ</em>-elevation plots, and narrow V-shaped, deeply-incised valleys. For the lower reaches of the Panj catchment in the western Pamir, this difference is due to relatively high precipitation from the Westerlies, but for those of the Ghez and Tashkurgan catchments in the eastern Pamir, although they receive low precipitation, they cross the footwall of the Kongur Shan normal fault, along which tectonic uplift rates are particularly high. During the past ∼ 25 Ma, the drainage divide between the Panj catchment and the Ghez and Tashkurgan catchments migrated eastwards from the Pamir Plateau interior to its present location along the eastern Pamir Range, driven by high precipitation and erosion to the west.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Tectonic and climatic controls on topographic spatial variability across the Pamir Plateau and implications for drainage evolution\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jseaes.2024.106333\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The Pamir Plateau, NW prolongation of the Tibetan Plateau, experienced late Cenozoic thrusting and extensional shearing/faulting and mainly receives moisture from the mid-latitude Westerlies. Thus, this region provides a natural laboratory to study how tectonic activity and climate impact topography. In this study, we extracted geomorphic indices from digital elevation model data, including local relief, normalized channel steepness index (<em>k<sub>sn</sub></em>), river longitudinal and <em>χ</em> profiles, as well as cross-valley profiles, to reveal the topographic variations across the Pamir Plateau, and to analyze the effects of tectonic activity and climate on its topography. Because the upper reaches of the Panj, Ghez, and Tashkurgan river catchments, and the Karakul Lake endorheic catchment are located in extremely low precipitation regions and dominantly result from late Cenozoic crustal extension, they generally have low local relief and <em>k<sub>sn</sub></em> values, gentle gradients on the <em>χ</em>-elevation plots, and wide valleys, especially along the intermontane basins. By contrast, the lower reaches of the Panj, Ghez, and Tashkurgan catchments generally have high local relief and <em>k<sub>sn</sub></em> values, steep gradients on the <em>χ</em>-elevation plots, and narrow V-shaped, deeply-incised valleys. For the lower reaches of the Panj catchment in the western Pamir, this difference is due to relatively high precipitation from the Westerlies, but for those of the Ghez and Tashkurgan catchments in the eastern Pamir, although they receive low precipitation, they cross the footwall of the Kongur Shan normal fault, along which tectonic uplift rates are particularly high. During the past ∼ 25 Ma, the drainage divide between the Panj catchment and the Ghez and Tashkurgan catchments migrated eastwards from the Pamir Plateau interior to its present location along the eastern Pamir Range, driven by high precipitation and erosion to the west.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50253,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912024003286\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912024003286","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Tectonic and climatic controls on topographic spatial variability across the Pamir Plateau and implications for drainage evolution
The Pamir Plateau, NW prolongation of the Tibetan Plateau, experienced late Cenozoic thrusting and extensional shearing/faulting and mainly receives moisture from the mid-latitude Westerlies. Thus, this region provides a natural laboratory to study how tectonic activity and climate impact topography. In this study, we extracted geomorphic indices from digital elevation model data, including local relief, normalized channel steepness index (ksn), river longitudinal and χ profiles, as well as cross-valley profiles, to reveal the topographic variations across the Pamir Plateau, and to analyze the effects of tectonic activity and climate on its topography. Because the upper reaches of the Panj, Ghez, and Tashkurgan river catchments, and the Karakul Lake endorheic catchment are located in extremely low precipitation regions and dominantly result from late Cenozoic crustal extension, they generally have low local relief and ksn values, gentle gradients on the χ-elevation plots, and wide valleys, especially along the intermontane basins. By contrast, the lower reaches of the Panj, Ghez, and Tashkurgan catchments generally have high local relief and ksn values, steep gradients on the χ-elevation plots, and narrow V-shaped, deeply-incised valleys. For the lower reaches of the Panj catchment in the western Pamir, this difference is due to relatively high precipitation from the Westerlies, but for those of the Ghez and Tashkurgan catchments in the eastern Pamir, although they receive low precipitation, they cross the footwall of the Kongur Shan normal fault, along which tectonic uplift rates are particularly high. During the past ∼ 25 Ma, the drainage divide between the Panj catchment and the Ghez and Tashkurgan catchments migrated eastwards from the Pamir Plateau interior to its present location along the eastern Pamir Range, driven by high precipitation and erosion to the west.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences has an open access mirror journal Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review.
The Journal of Asian Earth Sciences is an international interdisciplinary journal devoted to all aspects of research related to the solid Earth Sciences of Asia. The Journal publishes high quality, peer-reviewed scientific papers on the regional geology, tectonics, geochemistry and geophysics of Asia. It will be devoted primarily to research papers but short communications relating to new developments of broad interest, reviews and book reviews will also be included. Papers must have international appeal and should present work of more than local significance.
The scope includes deep processes of the Asian continent and its adjacent oceans; seismology and earthquakes; orogeny, magmatism, metamorphism and volcanism; growth, deformation and destruction of the Asian crust; crust-mantle interaction; evolution of life (early life, biostratigraphy, biogeography and mass-extinction); fluids, fluxes and reservoirs of mineral and energy resources; surface processes (weathering, erosion, transport and deposition of sediments) and resulting geomorphology; and the response of the Earth to global climate change as viewed within the Asian continent and surrounding oceans.