A very rare cause of markedly elevated CA 19–9: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

Aim

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Various adverse reactions have been gradually reported. This case presents a rare phenomenon in which a GLP1-RA caused a marked elevation in carbohydrate antigen 19–9(CA 19–9) without evidence of a tumor.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach was utilized, incorporating medical history obtained from regular outpatient consultations and follow-up visits, along with ancillary examinations derived from laboratory tests and imaging.

Results

The use of a GLP1-RA for treating T2DM resulted in an increase in CA 19–9 without evidence of a tumor, which gradually normalized after discontinuation of the drug.

Conclusion

GLP1-RAs may lead to elevated levels of tumor markers during the treatment of T2DM, necessitating monitoring during therapy. Antidiabetic management should be adjusted on an individual basis as needed.